Frontiers In Chemical Engineering -- Copyright -- Contents -- One Executive Summary -- RESEARCH FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING -- Starting New Technologies -- Biotechnology and Biomedicine (Chapter 3) -- Electronic, Photonic, and Recording Materials and Devices (Chapter 4) -- Microstructured Materials (Chapters 5 and 9) -- Maintaining Leadership in Established Technologies -- In-Situ Processing of Energy and Mineral Resources (Chapter 6) -- Liquid Fuels for the Future (Chapters 6 and 9) -- Protecting and Improving the Environment -- Responsible Management of Hazardous Substances (Chapter 7) -- Developing Systematic Knowledge and Generic Tools -- Advanced Computational Methods and Process Control (Chapter 8) -- Surface and Interfacial Engineering (Chapter 9) -- HIGHLIGHTS OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS -- Education and Training of Chemical Engineers (Chapter 10) -- The Future Size and Composition of Academic Departments (Chapter 10) -- Balanced Portfolios (Chapter 10) -- The Need for Expanded Support of Research in Chemistry (Chapter 10) -- Two What Is Chemical Engineering -- TRADITIONAL PARADIGMS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING -- Unit Operations -- The Engineering Science Movement -- THE CONTEMPORARY TRAINING OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS -- A NEW PARADIGM FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING -- NOTE -- Three Biotechnology and Biomedicine -- CHALLENGES TO CHEMICAL ENGINEERS -- Human Health -- Artificial Organs, Artificial Tissues, and Prostheses -- Diagnostics -- Preventing and Curing Disease -- Agriculture -- Biochemical Synthesis -- Environment and Natural Resources -- INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION -- INTELLECTUAL FRONTIERS -- Models for Fundamental Biological Interactions -- Biological Surfaces and Interfaces -- Bioprocessing -- Bioreactors for Manufacturing Processes -- Process Monitoring and Control -- Separation of Bioproducts.

Engineering Analysis of Complex Biological Systems -- IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH FRONTIERS -- NOTES -- Suggested Reading -- Four Electronic, Photonic, and Recording Materials and Devices -- CURRENT CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES -- Microcircuits -- Light Wave Media and Devices -- Recording Media -- Materials and Devices for Interconnection and Packaging -- Photovoltaics -- Superconductors -- INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION -- Microcircuits -- Light Wave Media and Devices -- Recording Media -- Interconnection and Packaging -- Photovoltaics -- Superconductors -- General Observations -- INTELLECTUAL FRONTIERS -- Process Integration -- Reactor Engineering and Design -- Ultrapurification -- Chemical Synthesis and Processing of Polymeric Materials -- Chemical Synthesis and Processing of Ceramic Materials -- Deposition of Thin Films -- Modeling and the Study of Chemical Dynamics -- Engineering For Environmental Protection And Process Safety -- IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH FRONTIERS -- NOTES -- Suggested Reading -- Five Polymers, Ceramics, and Composites -- CHALLENGES TO CHEMICAL ENGINEERS -- Polymers -- Polymer Composites -- Advanced Ceramics -- Sol-Gel Processing -- Chemical Additives in Ceramic Processing -- Ceramic Composites -- Composite Liquids -- INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION -- Polymers and Polymer Composites -- Ceramics and Ceramic Composites -- Composite Liquids -- INTELLECTUAL FRONTIERS -- Microscale Structures and Processes -- New Concepts in Molecular Design of Composite Materials -- The Role of Interfaces in Materials Chemistry -- Understanding the Molecular Behavior of Complex Liquids -- Chemical Dynamics and Modeling of Molecular Processes -- The Intimate Connection Between Materials Synthesis and Processing -- Processing of Complex Liquids -- Processing of Powders -- Processing of Polymers -- Process Design and Control.

Fabrication and Repair of Materials Systems -- Designing Systems from the Molecules on Up -- Chemical Processing in the Fabrication of Materials System -- Detection and Repair of Flaws in Materials Systems -- IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH FRONTIERS -- NOTES -- Suggested Reading -- Six Processing of Energy and Natural Resources -- TECHNOLOGIES FOR EXPLOITING ENERGY SOURCES -- Enhanced Oil Recovery -- Shale Oil Production -- Conversion of Coal to Gaseous and Liquid Fuels -- New Raw Materials for Petroleum Refineries -- Municipal Solid Waste as an Energy Source -- Nuclear Energy -- Nuclear Fission -- Nuclear Fusion -- Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage -- Solar Power -- Geothermal Energy -- Plant Biomass as a Fuel Source -- TECHNOLOGIES FOR EXPLOITING MINERAL AND METAL RESOURCES -- High-Concentration Raw Materials -- Low-Concentration Raw Materials -- Waste Streams as Sources of Minerals and Metals -- INTELLECTUAL FRONTIERS -- In-Situ Processing -- Processing Solids -- Separation Processes -- Materials -- Advanced Methods for Design and Scale-up -- Other Important Research -- IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH FRONTIERS -- NOTES -- Seven Environmental Protection, Process Safety, and Hazardous Waste Management -- IMPACT ON SOCIETY OF CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- Chemical Industry Safety -- Combustion of Fuels for Power Generation and Transportation -- Hazardous Waste Management -- DESIGN OF INHERENTLY SAFER AND LESS POLLUTING PLANTS AND PROCESSES -- COMBUSTION -- Hydrocarbons and Fuel-Bound Nitrogen -- Soot -- Ash -- Sulfur Oxides -- Fires and Explosions -- HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT -- Detoxification of Currently Generated Waste -- Thermal Destruction -- Biodegradation -- Separation Processes -- Wet Oxidation -- Remediation of Toxic Waste Sites -- Separation Processes -- Biodegradation -- Monitoring -- BEHAVIOR OF EFFLUENTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT.

The Atmospheric Environment -- The Aquatic and Soil Environments -- Ambient Monitoring -- Multimedia Approach to Integrated Chemical Management -- ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS -- Risk Assessment -- Hazard Identification and Assessment -- Exposure Assessment -- Risk Management -- IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH FRONTIERS -- NOTES -- Eight Computer-Assisted Process and Control Engineering -- USING THE COMPUTER'S POTENTIAL -- MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF FUNDAMENTAL PHENOMENA -- Hydrodynamic Systems -- Polymer Processing -- Petroleum Production -- Combustion Systems -- Environmental Systems -- PROCESS DESIGN -- Computer-Assisted Design of New Processes -- Computer-Assisted Process Retrofitting -- Research Opportunities in Process Design -- PROCESS OPERATIONS AND CONTROL -- Measurements -- Interpretation of Process Information -- Integration of Process Design with Control -- Robust and Adaptive Control -- Batch Process Engineering -- PROCESS SENSORS -- Future Sensor Developments -- Research Opportunities -- PROCESS ENGINEERING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT -- IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH FRONTIERS -- Nine Surfaces, Interfaces, and Microstructures -- The Nature Of Structure -- Relationship To Applications Of Chemical Engineering -- Biochemical And Biomedical Engineering -- Electronic, Photonic, And Recording Materials And Devices -- Polymers, Ceramics, And Composites -- Processing Of Energy And Natural Resources -- Environmental Protection, Process Safety, And Hazardous Waste Management -- INTELLECTUAL FRONTIERS -- Catalysis -- Catalyst Synthesis -- Characterization of Catalyst Structure -- Surface Chemistry -- Catalyst Design -- Electrochemistry and Corrosion -- Charge Transfer -- Molecular Dynamics -- Supramolecular Microstructures -- Electronic, Photonic, and Recording Materials and Devices -- Characterization of Microstructure.

Photoresist Processing -- Chemical Vapor Deposition and Plasma Deposition/Etching of Thin Films -- Mathematical Modeling -- Colloids, Surfactants, and Fluid Interfaces -- Ceramics, Cements, and Structural Composites -- Membranes -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- Instrumentation -- Microscopy and Microtomography -- Scattering Methods -- Resonance Spectroscopies -- Other Important Methods -- Cost and Availability -- Theory -- IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH FRONTIERS -- Ten Recommendations -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACADEMIA -- Education and Training of Chemical Engineers -- The Future Size and Composition of Academic Departments -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INDUSTRY -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GOVERNMENT -- Balanced Portfolios -- Support Mechanisms in Perspective -- Recommendations for Specific Federal Agencies -- National Science Foundation -- Department of Energy -- National Institutes of Health -- Department of Defense -- Environmental Protection Agency -- National Bureau of Standards -- Bureau of Mines -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES -- American Institute of Chemical Engineers -- American Chemical Society -- Council for Chemical Research -- CONCLUSION -- NOTE -- Appendix A Detailed Recommendations for Funding -- CURRENT FUNDING PATTERNS -- THE COST OF FRONTIER RESEARCH -- NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION -- Biotechnology and Biomedicine -- NSF Initiative 1 -- Materials -- NSF Initiative 2 -- NSF Initiative 3 -- Processing of Energy and Natural Resources -- NSF Initiative 4 -- Environmental Protection, Process Safety, and Hazardous Waste Management -- NSF Initiative 5 -- Computer-Assisted Process and Control Engineering -- NSF Initiative 6 -- Surface and Interfacial Engineering -- NSF Initiative 7 -- Research Excellence Awards -- NSF Initiative 8 -- Conclusion -- DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY -- In-Situ Processing of Energy and Mineral Resources -- DOE Initiative 1.

Liquid Fuels for the Future.