Competitiveness of the U.S. Minerals and Metals Industry -- Copyright -- Abstract -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- TECHNOLOGY AND COMPETITIVENESS -- Industry -- Academe -- Government -- Bureau of Mines -- Government-Academic-Industrial Cooperation -- RECOMMENDED ACTIONS -- 1 U.S. Minerals and Metals Industry in a Changing Global Context -- WORLD MINERALS AND METALS INDUSTRY -- Globalization of Production and Ownership -- Changing Patterns of Supply and Demand -- Changing Corporate Structure of the Industry -- TRENDS IN THE U.S. INDUSTRY -- REVIVAL OF THE MINERALS AND METALS INDUSTRY -- Factors Leading to the Recovery -- Effects of the Recovery -- Outlook for the Industry -- REFERENCES -- 2 Supply, Demand, and Competitiveness -- OVERVIEW OF THE MINERALS AND METALS INDUSTRY -- TRENDS IN MINERAL AND METAL PRODUCTION -- Aluminum -- Steel -- Base Metals -- Copper -- Lead -- Zinc -- TRENDS IN METALS DEMAND -- Current Status of Materials Demand -- Near-Term Trends in Materials Consumption -- Trends in Industry Use of Materials -- COMPETITIVENESS OF THE U.S. INDUSTRY -- Shifts in U.S. Competitiveness -- General Trends -- Competitiveness by Sector -- Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages of the U.S. Industry -- Technology and U.S. Comparative Advantage -- Data Analysis for Materials Planning -- 3 Role of Science and Technology in Minerals and Metals Competitiveness Issues -- BACKGROUND -- EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES -- Exploration Geology -- Mapping and Surveying -- Geophysics -- Geochemistry -- Drilling Technology -- Directions for Future R&D -- MINING TECHNOLOGIES -- Current Mining Technologies -- Limitations of Present Mining Technology -- The Case for New Technology -- Directions for Future R&D -- MINERAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES -- Current Mineral Processing Technologies -- Directions for Future R&D.

METAL EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES -- Recent Pyrometallurgical Process Developments -- Copper -- Nickel -- Zinc -- Lead -- Aluminum -- Precious Metals -- Recent Hydrometallurgical Process Developments -- Copper -- Nickel and Cobalt -- Zinc -- Lead -- Aluminum -- Precious Metals -- Directions for Future R&D -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- Exploration -- Mining Technologies -- Minerals Processing -- Metals Extraction -- REFERENCES -- 4 Resources for Research and Development -- INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- FEDERAL ROLE IN MINERALS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- Research Resources -- ACADEMIC RESEARCH RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES -- Academic Capabilities -- Research Centers and Institutions -- ISSUES AFFECTING FUTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- Industrial Issues -- Weaknesses and Limitations of Academic Research -- Bureau of Mines-Supported Programs -- Cross-Cutting Issues -- Technology Transfer -- Human Resource Issues -- REFERENCE -- 5 Federal Role in Technology and Competitiveness -- MINERALS AND METALS POLICY IN THE U.S. AND ABROAD -- Minerals and Metals Policy in the U.S. -- Minerals and Metals Policies of Other Countries -- Developed Countries -- Developing Countries -- ROLE OF THE BUREAU OF MINES -- Status of the Bureau of Mines -- Within the Federal Establishment -- Relationships with Industry -- Alternative Institutional Models -- OPPORTUNITIES FOR ACTION -- Expert Advice to the Bureau of Mines -- Promoting Collaborative Research and Development -- Developing Consensus Within the Minerals and Metals Policy Community -- Stimulating Rapid Technology Transfer -- Improved Planning and Coordination -- 6 Recommendations -- INDUSTRY AND ACADEME -- 1. Industry Support for Collaborative Research and Development -- 2. Industry Involvement with Academic Research Programs -- 3. Stability of University Programs.

4. Interuniversity Coordination and Collaboration in Research -- BUREAU OF MINES AND OTHER AGENCIES -- 5. Advanced Research Initiative for Mining and Minerals -- 6. Maintaining Relevance of Research by Mineral Institutes and GMTCs to National Needs -- 7. Funding of University Research -- 8. Focus of Bureau of Mines Research -- 9. Advisory Committee -- 10. Visiting Committees -- 11. Minerals and Metals Community Forum -- 12. Enhanced Technical Information -- Appendix Biographical Sketches of Committee Members -- Index.