Confronting Climate Change -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Highlights -- 1 Strategies for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Key Findings and Recommendations -- END-USE SECTOR ANALYSIS -- Electric Power Sector -- Transportation Sector -- Buildings Sector -- Industry Sector -- CURRENT STATUS OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY R&D -- FINDINGS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Focused R&D Strategy-Actions -- Insurance Strategy -- Basic and Generic Research -- GHG Emissions Monitoring and Instrumentation -- Federal outlays for Alternative Energy R&D -- Leveraging Federal Investments Globally -- 2 Background -- GENESIS OF THE STUDY -- PROBLEM DESCRIPTION -- THE GLOBAL CONTEXT -- NOTES AND REFERENCES -- 3 A Framework for Planning and Implementing Energy R&D -- R&D AT THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY -- ENERGY R&D OUTSIDE THE DOE -- Other Federal Agencies -- The Private Sector -- GRI and EPRI -- LESSONS FROM R&D PROGRAMS AND INSTRUMENTS -- TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS IN OTHER NATIONS -- TECHNOLOGY-ADOPTION PROCESS -- ATTAINING LOW-GHG EMISSIONS -- ROLE OF R&D -- ENERGY POLICY AND GHGS -- ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR -- MANAGEMENT OF FEDERAL ENERGY R&D -- ALTERNATIVE BUDGET STRATEGIES -- LEVERAGING FEDERAL INVESTMENTS GLOBALLY -- STRATEGY OPTIONS -- NOTES AND REFERENCES -- 4 Potential for Reducing Emissions of Greenhouse Gases -- ELECTRIC POWER -- Energy Use and GHG Emissions -- Major Targets for Attention -- Availability of Technology to Reduce GHG Emissions -- Fossil Fuels -- Capture and Disposal of CO2 -- Nuclear Energy -- Renewables -- R&D Needs and Priorities -- Review of DOE Fossil Energy R&D Program -- Fossil Energy R&D Needs -- Review of DOE Nuclear Energy R&D Program -- Nuclear Fission R&D Needs -- Fusion -- Review of DOE Renewables R&D Program -- Renewables R&D Needs -- Current Transmission and Distribution (T&D) and Storage R&D Programs.

T&D and Storage R&D Needs -- Summary -- Fossil Fuels -- Nuclear Energy -- Renewables -- T&D and Storage -- TRANSPORTATION -- Energy Use and GRG Emissions -- CFC Considerations -- Major Targets for Attention -- Automobiles and Light Trucks -- Other Modes of Transportation -- Achieving Major GRG Emissions Reductions in the Long Term -- R&D Priorities in Transportation -- Technology Base Research -- Vehicle Components and Systems -- Policy Studies -- An Assessment of DOE Transportation Research -- RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS -- Energy Use and GHG Emissions -- Major Targets for Attention -- Path to Reduce Emissions -- Reduced Energy Service Demand -- Increased Efficiency of Energy Conversion -- Fuel Substitution -- Summary -- R&D Needs and Priorities -- Near Term -- Long Term -- Assessment of the Federal R&D Program -- Technology-Adoption Strategies -- Make Energy Service Markets Work -- Provide Education and Training -- Improve Building Practices -- Provide Feedback and Motivation -- Develop Urban Design Practices -- Apply Foreign Technology -- INDUSTRY -- Energy Use and GHG Emissions -- Major Targets for Attention -- Availability of Technology to Reduce GHG Emissions -- Energy Efficiency Improvements -- Fuel Switching -- Recycling of Materials -- Biomass -- R&D Needs and Priorities -- Energy Efficiency Improvements -- Fuel Switching -- Recycling of Materials -- Biomass -- Current Energy R&D Programs -- ADDENDUM: BIOMASS FOR ENERGY AND FEEDSTOCKS -- NOTES AND REFERENCES -- Bibliography.