Research to Protect, Restore, and Manage the Environment -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- CULTURAL CHANGES -- RESEARCH DIRECTED TO PROTECTION, RESTORATION, AND MANAGEMENT -- NATIONAL-LEVEL LEADERSHIP AND COORDINATION -- NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN FOR RESEARCH -- LINKAGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND POLICY -- PERFORMANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- BALANCE -- CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF THE NATION'S ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS -- ORGANIZING ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AND MAKING IT AVAILABLE -- ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND INFORMATION -- ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES -- FRAMEWORK A -- FRAMEWORK D -- FRAMEWORKS B AND C -- COSTS AND OTHER FACTORS -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- ORIGIN, SCOPE, AND ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- OTHER REPORTS -- NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE ENVIRONMENT: CHOOSING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE -- CARNEGIE COMMISSION ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND GOVERNMENT: ENVIRONMENTALRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: S... -- COMMITTEE FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT -- RECENT NATIONAL EVENTS -- 2 PERSPECTIVE -- OUR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ARE SERIOUS -- WE HAVE LEARNED MANY LESSONS ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS -- WE MUST UNDERSTAND COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS -- WE HAVE NEW TOOLS -- WE NEED NEW ORGANIZATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- SCIENCE BY ITSELF IS NOT ENOUGH -- SUMMARY -- 3 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF CURRENT FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS -- CREATING THE KNOWLEDGE NECESSARY TO CHARACTERIZE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSAND CHALLENGES -- GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC, OCEANIC, AND EARTH SYSTEM -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- ECOLOGY -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- BIODIVERSITY -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- SOCIAL SCIENCES -- How Well Are We Doing?.

Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- CREATING AND MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEMS -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- SUPPORTING THE RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- SETTING AND COORDINATING A NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PLAN -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- BRINGING KNOWLEDGE AND PERSPECTIVE TO BEAR ON POLICY ISSUES -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- ESTABLISHING APPROPRIATE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMS -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- ESTABLISHING AND NURTURING STRONG LINKS WITH BUSINESS -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- ESTABLISHING AND NURTURING COMMUNICATION LINKS WITH THE GENERAL PUBLIC -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- SYNTHESIS OF HOW WELL WE ARE DOING AND WHY WE ARE NOT DOING BETTER -- 4 DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF FEDERALLY SUPPORTED ENVIRONMENTALRESEARCH PROGRAMS -- A FOCUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ON PROTECTION, RESTORATION, AND MANAGEMENT -- RESEARCH DIRECTIONS -- RESEARCH FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND RESTORATION -- RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION IN MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES -- RESEARCH APPROACH -- RESEARCH-PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS -- CROSSING DISCIPLINES AND SCALES -- CROSSING MISSIONS -- UTILITY FOR DECISION-MAKING AND POLICY FORMATION -- PLURALISM -- MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH -- CONSISTENCY OF FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- ADEQUACY OF FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- A BALANCE BETWEEN INTRAMURAL AND EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH -- INVESTIGATOR-INITIATED, PEER-REVIEWED RESEARCH -- INTERNATIONAL SCOPE -- EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY -- COMBINATION OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE-SECTOR ACTIVITIES -- NATIONAL-LEVEL LEADERSHIP AND COORDINATION.

PLANNING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- LINKAGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND POLICY -- ORGANIZING ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AND MAKING IT AVAILABLE -- CONTINUING EVALUATION OF THE NATION'S AND WORLD'S ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS -- ROLE OF NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION -- ROLE OF SECTOR AND MISSION AGENCIES -- ROLE OF FEDERAL LABORATORIES -- PUBLIC-SECTOR AND PRIVATE-SECTOR COLLABORATION -- EDUCATION AND TRAINING -- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON RESEARCH AND POLICY -- DESIRABLE OUTCOMES -- 5 RECOMMENDATIONS -- CULTURAL CHANGES -- RESEARCH DIRECTED TO PROTECTION, RESTORATION, AND MANAGEMENT -- NATIONAL-LEVEL LEADERSHIP AND COORDINATION -- NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN FOR RESEARCH -- LINKAGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND POLICY -- PERFORMANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- DISCIPLINARY BALANCE -- MULTIDISCIPLINARY BALANCE -- MISSION-AGENCY BALANCE AND USE OF EXTRAMURAL FUNDING MECHANISMS -- CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF THE NATION'S ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS -- ORGANIZING ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AND MAKING IT AVAILABLE -- ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND INFORMATION -- ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES -- FRAMEWORK A: CURRENT AGENCY STRUCTURE WITH ENHANCEMENTS -- Description -- Agencies Incorporated -- Relationships Among the Agencies -- Basic-Research Emphasis -- Monitoring -- Education and Training -- Linkages of Agency Programs to Nonfederal Parties -- National Science Foundation -- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration -- Environmental Protection Agency -- Other Agencies -- Implementation of the Cultural Changes -- Research on Protection, Restoration, and Management -- National Environmental Council -- National Environmental Plan -- Environmental Status and Trends Program -- National Environmental Data and Information System -- Environmental Assessment Center -- FRAMEWORK B: THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AS PROPOSEDBY THE COMMITTEE FOR THE NATIONAL...

Description -- Agencies Involved -- Relationship to Other Parties -- Agreement with Cultural Changes Recommended by our Committee -- FRAMEWORK C: A NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- Description -- Agencies Incorporated -- Relationship to Other Agencies -- Implementation of the Cultural Changes -- Research Focus on Protection, Restoration, and Management of Resources and Research Performance Char... -- Specific Research Fields -- National Environmental Council and National Environmental Plan -- National Status and Trends Program and National Environmental Data and Information System -- Environmental Assessment Center -- FRAMEWORK D: A DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT -- Description -- Agencies Incorporated -- Relationship to Other Agencies -- Implementation of the Cultural Changes -- Research Focus on Protection, Restoration, and Management of Resources and Research Performance Char... -- National Environmental Council -- National Environmental Plan -- National Environmental Status and Trends Program and National Environmental Data and Information System -- Environmental Assessment Center -- DISCUSSION OF THE FRAMEWORKS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE -- CURRENT AGENCY STRUCTURE WITH ENHANCEMENTS (FRAMEWORK A) -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (FRAMEWORK B) -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (FRAMEWORK C) -- DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT (FRAMEWORK D) -- ELEVATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY TO CABINET STATUS -- COST -- Appendix A ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS OF FEDERAL RESEARCH AGENCIES -- INTRODUCTION -- DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDS -- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE -- DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE -- DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY -- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR -- U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY -- FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE -- MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE -- NATIONAL PARK SERVICE -- BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT -- BUREAU OF RECLAMATION.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY -- OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- RECENT DIRECTIONS -- RESEARCH PLANNING -- LABORATORIES AND RESEARCH CENTERS -- RESEARCH GRANTS AND CENTERS -- OTHER RESEARCH ACTIVITIES -- NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION -- NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE -- NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION -- DIRECTORATE FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES -- DIRECTORATE FOR GEOSCIENCES -- DIRECTORATE FOR SOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES -- DIRECTORATE FOR ENGINEERING -- SOME IMPORTANT FEATURES OF NSF -- ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AT OTHER AGENCIES -- AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT -- SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION -- TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY -- DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION -- COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY -- INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS -- NATIONAL ACID PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT PROGRAM -- OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY -- ORGANIZATION OF FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AND INFORMATIONSYSTEMS -- GLOBAL-CHANGE DATA MANAGEMENT -- Department of Agriculture -- Department of Commerce -- Department of Defense -- Department of Energy -- Department of the Interior -- Environmental Protection Agency -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- National Science Foundation -- FEDERAL GEOGRAPHIC DATA COMMITTEE -- OTHER FEDERAL AGENCY DATA ACTIVITIES -- Environmental Protection Agency -- U.S. Geological Survey -- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration -- National Science Foundation -- APPENDIX B BIODIVERSITY -- HOW MUCH IS THERE? -- WHERE IS IT? -- WHAT ARE THE THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY? -- OVEREXPLOITATION -- INTRODUCTIONS -- HABITAT DESTRUCTION -- APPENDIX C PROPOSAL OF THE COMMITTEE FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FORTHE ENVIRONMENT -- THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT -- Mission -- Goals -- Guiding Principles.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYTHE NATIONAL INSTITUTES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT A PROPOSAL.