DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES FOR COMMERCIAL AVIATION SECURITY -- Copyright -- ABSTRACT -- DEDICATION -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS -- TESTING PROTOCOLS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA -- GENERAL TEST PROTOCOL FOR BULK DETECTION -- STATUS OF VAPOR AND PARTICLE DETECTION TEST PROTOCOL -- RECENT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS -- 1. Thermal Neutron Activation (TNA) -- 2. Automated Neutron Source Accelerator -- 3. Elastic Neutron Scattering -- 4. Pulsed Fast Neutron Activation -- 5. Photon Activation -- 6. Nuclear Resonant Absorption -- 7. Fast Neutron Associated Particle (FNAP) -- 8. Dual Energy X-Ray Systems -- 9. Backscatter X-Ray -- 10. Extremely Low-Dose X-Ray Devices for Searching Passengers -- 11. Coherent X-Ray Scattering -- 12. Dual Energy X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) -- 13. Vapor Detection Devices -- 14. Dogs -- 15. Bar Coding -- 16. Pattern Recognition -- SUMMARY OF TECHNOLOGY RECOMMENDATIONS -- 1 SYSTEMS CONSIDERATIONS -- A. INTRODUCTION -- B. EDS ARCHITECTURE AND SEARCH STRATEGY -- C. SIMULATION OF EDS DESIGNS -- Study Airports -- Model Validation and Analysis -- Key Simulation Products -- 2 TESTING PROTOCOLS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA -- A. INTRODUCTION -- B. ROLE OF TESTING IN THE FAA REGULATORY PROCESS -- C. TESTING ORGANIZATION -- D. TEST PLANNING AND PREPARATION -- E. A GENERAL TESTING PROTOCOL FOR BULK EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS -- F. THE STATUS OF VAPOR AND PARTICLE DETECTION TEST PROTOCOLS -- REFERENCES -- Appendixes -- APPENDIX A A GENERAL TESTING PROTOCOL FOR BULK EXPLOSIVE DETECTIONSYSTEMS -- CONTENTS -- A1 INTRODUCTION -- A2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS -- A. EXPLOSIVE CHARACTERISTICS TO BE MEASURED -- B. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SET OF THREAT EXPLOSIVES -- C. IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BAG POPULATIONS -- D. SYSTEM CALIBRATION AND THRESHOLD SETTINGS -- E. MANUFACTURER/CONTRACTOR PARTICIPATION.

F. TEST SITES -- G. A STANDARD SET OF BAGS AND THREATS -- A3 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS -- A. IDENTIFICATION OF DISTINCT BAG POPULATIONS -- B. IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION OF THE THREATS -- C. BAG PROCESSING RATES -- D. PRE-TESTING -- A4 DEVELOPMENT OF TEST AND EVALUATION PLANS -- A. GENERAL FACTORS -- B. DATA ANALYSIS PLAN -- C. SELECTION OF TEST BAGS -- D. NUMBER OF TEST BAGS REQUIRED -- E. SELECTION OF THE NUMBER OF THREAT ARTICLES -- A5 TEST EXECUTION -- A6 ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF TEST DATA -- ANNEX I A STANDARD SET OF BAGS AND THREATS FOR TESTING BULK EXPLOSIVE DETECTION DEVICES OR SYSTEMS A... -- ANNEX II VALIDATION OF SIMULANTS -- 1. Test Procedures. -- 2. Test Results. -- 3. Analyses for the Validation of Simulants -- a. The Significance of the Difference Between Two Sample Means. -- b. The Paired Difference Approach. -- c. The Analysis of Variance Approach. -- d. Measurement Additivity. -- 4. A Recommended Approach for Validating Simulants -- ANNEX III MODEL TESTING SCENARIO -- APPENDIX B GLOSSARY OF TERMS -- APPENDIX C BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS.