A REASSESSMENT OF THE MARINE SALVAGE POSTURE OF THE UNITED STATES -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- BACKGROUND -- SCOPE OF STUDY -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CONTENTS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- REGIONAL ASSESSMENTS -- KEY ISSUES, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- NATIONAL SALVAGE POSTURE -- COMPENSATION FOR SALVAGE -- NATIONAL SALVAGE POLICY -- SALVAGE ASSETS AND SERVICES -- TUG AVAILABILITY -- SALVAGE READINESS OF VESSEL AND CREW -- TRAINING -- MARINE FIREFIGHTING -- RESPONSE TO HAZARDOUS CARGO -- JETTISONING -- SAFE HAVENS -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- THE IMPORTANCE OF SALVAGE IN PREVENTING MARINE POLLUTION -- THE IMPORTANCE OF SALVAGE IN MAINTAINING PORTS AND WATERWAYS -- 2 CHANGES IN THE MARINE SALVAGE INDUSTRY SINCE 1982 -- THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT -- THE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT -- CHANGES SINCE THE 1982 REPORT -- 1982 REGIONAL SALVAGE ASSESSMENT -- CURRENT ASSESSMENTS OF REGIONAL SALVAGE READINESS AND SALVAGE CAPABILITY -- East Coast -- Salvage Capability -- Rescue Towing -- Firefighting Capability -- Salvage Response Vessels -- Lightering Assets -- Gulf Coast -- Salvage Capability -- Rescue Towing -- Firefighting Capability -- Salvage Response Vessels -- Lightering Assets -- Channel Blockage -- Pacific Coast -- Salvage Capability -- Rescue Towing -- Firefighting Capability -- Salvage Response Vessels -- Lightering Assets -- Summary -- 3 NATIONAL SALVAGE POSTURE ISSUES -- SALVAGE BUSINESS CONDITIONS -- Findings -- SALVAGE DECISION MAKING -- Findings -- NATIONAL SALVAGE POLICY -- Current Statutory Status of Salvage -- Current Government Salvage Policies -- National Salvage Policy Considerations -- Findings -- THE CONCEPT OF THE "PROFESSIONAL SALVOR" -- Findings -- SALVAGE HUMAN RESOURCES -- Findings -- RESCUE TOWING -- Findings -- MARINE FIREFIGHTING -- Findings -- CARGO TRANSFER -- Internal Liquid Cargo Transfer.

External Liquid Cargo Transfer -- Nonliquid Cargo Transfer -- General Cargo Transfer -- Findings -- DAMAGE STABILITY INFORMATION -- Findings -- SALVAGE IN THE PRESENCE OF HAZARDOUS CARGO -- Findings -- JETTISONING -- Findings -- SAFE HAVENS -- Findings -- SALVAGE READINESS OF VESSEL AND CREW -- Findings -- THE NAVY'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE NATIONAL SALVAGE CAPABILITY -- Findings -- 4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- NATIONAL SALVAGE POSTURE -- COMPENSATION FOR SALVAGE -- NATIONAL SALVAGE POLICY -- SALVAGE ASSETS AND SERVICES -- TUG AVAILABILITY -- SALVAGE READINESS OF VESSEL AND CREW -- TRAINING -- MARINE FIREFIGHTING -- RESPONSE TO HAZARDOUS CARGO -- JETTISONING -- SAFE HAVENS -- APPENDIX A BIOGRAPHIES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS -- APPENDIX B JETTISON REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SUMMARY OF SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS -- History and Technical Background -- Legal Problems Concerning Jettison -- OTHER COMMENTS -- Considerations in Making Time-Critical Decisions -- Panel #1: Decision-Making Criteria -- Panel #2: A Regional Response Team's Decision-Making Exercise -- ANALYSIS OF KEY ISSUES -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMTTEE ON MARINE SALVAGE ISSUES -- APPENDIX C RESPONDENTS TO QUESTIONNAIRE -- APPENDIX D INVITED PARTICIPANTS AT COMMITTEE MEETINGS -- COMMITTEE ON MARINE SALVAGE ISSUES -- SYMPOSIUM ON THE PURPOSEFUL JETTISON OF CARGO -- REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF MARINE SALVAGE CAPABILITIES -- REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF MARINE SALVAGE CAPABILITIES ON THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES -- REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF MARINE SALVAGE CAPABILITIES ON THE GULF COAST OF THE UNITED STATES -- APPENDIX E INSTANCES OF SALVAGE IN U.S. WATERS REPORTED TO THE COMMITTEE -- APPENDIX F CURRENT U.S. NAVY SUPPORT FOR THE COMMERCIAL SALVAGE INDUSTRY -- BACKGROUND -- THE PRESENT SITUATION -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX G ACCIDENT SCENARIOS -- COLLISION AT THE ENTRANCE TO DELAWARE BAY.

No Fire, No Stranding -- Both Ships Strand -- Both Ships Strand, Fire Occurs -- CHEMICAL BARGE STRANDED OFF PUERTO RICO -- Strand -- Founder -- LARGE TANKER STRANDED IN THE FLORIDA STRAITS -- Mechanical Breakdown -- Stranding -- CASCO BAY TANKER STRANDING -- Strand, Refloat -- Strand and Refloat, with Damage -- COLLIER STRANDING OFF NORFOLK -- ROLL-ON/ROLL-OFF SHIP CARGO SHIFT -- GREAT LAKES ORE CARRIER -- COLLISION OF TANKER AND BULK GRAIN CARRIER OFF GALVESTON -- LOSS OF PROPULSION ON VLCC IN OPEN SEAS -- TANKER RAMMING OF UNMANNED PLATFORM -- COLLISION OF BENZENE TANKER AND CONTAINER SHIP WITH NUCLEAR MATERIAL ABOARD -- LOSS OF STEERING ON AMMONIA TANKER, GROUNDED OFF APALACHICOLA -- TANKER RAMMING OF JACK-UP MOBILE DRILLING RIG NEAR SHIPPING FAIRWAY SOUTH OF LAKE CHARLES -- TANKER BREAKS LOOSE FROM MOORING -- RO/RO SHIP RAMS PLATFORM IN COOK INLET -- TANKER AND CONTAINER SHIP COLLIDE OFF STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA -- TANKER AND FISH PROCESSOR COLLIDE IN SHELIK OF STRAIT -- STRUCTURAL FAILURE ON ANHYDROUS AMMONIA CARRIER IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER -- STRUCTURAL DAMAGE TO A PRODUCT TANKER IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY -- FIRE AND EXPLOSION ON CHEMICAL TANKER OFF LONG BEACH -- FIRE ON A TANKER OFF VALDEZ -- TANKER STRANDING OFF EAST COAST -- APPENDIX H U.S. LAWS AFFECTING SALVAGE -- APPENDIX I SALVAGE TUG REQUIREMENTS -- GENERAL -- Salvage Scenario -- Analysis Methodology -- Wind and Wave Forces -- Estimation of Required Tug Power -- RESULT AND CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- REFERENCES.