BARRIER TECHNOLOGIES for ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- Workshop Overview -- Themes Identified at the Workshop -- References -- APPENDIX A Biographical Sketches Of Committee Members -- APPENDIX B Workshop on Barriers for Long-Term Isolation: Program Outline -- WELCOME/INTRODUCTION -- SURFACE BARRIERS I CHAIR-G. GEE, PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY -- SURFACE BARRIERS II CHAIR-D. DANIEL, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS -- SURFACE BARRIERS II (CONT.) -- SUBSURFACE BARRIERS I CHAIR-R. D. MUTCH, JR., ECKENFELDER INC. -- SUBSURFACE BARRIERS II CHAIR-P. A. WITHERSPOON, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY -- APPENDIX C Workshop on Barriers for Long-Term Isolation: Participants -- APPENDIX D Workshop on Barriers for Long-Term Isolation: Papers Presented -- CONTENTS -- DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF PERMANENT ISOLATION SURFACE BARRIERS AT THE HANFORD SITE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- The In-Place Remediation Alternative -- The Hanford Site Permanent Isolation Surface Barrier Development Program -- FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BARRIER -- WATER INFILTRATION AND PERCOLATION CONTROL -- Current Climatic Conditions -- Projected Climatic Conditions -- Designing a Barrier for Drainage and Percolation Control -- Runoff -- Capillary Barrier -- Low-Permeability Layers -- BIOINTRUSION EFFECTS ON WATER INFILTRATION CONTROL -- WIND AND WATER EROSION CONTROL -- ASSESSING WATER INFILTRATION THROUGH THE PROTOTYPE BARRIER -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUBSURFACE BARRIER WALL CONSTRUCTION -- INTRODUCTION -- ADVANCEMENTS IN BARRIER WALL TECHNOLOGIES -- Deep Soil-Mixing Barrier Walls -- Jet Grouting Cutoff Walls -- Waterloo Sealable Sheet Piles -- Self-Hardening Slurries -- Permeation Grouting -- Ground Freezing -- Geomembrane Cutoff Walls -- Deep Barrier Walls.

CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- ECOLOGY, DESIGN, AND LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF SURFACE BARRIERS: APPLICATIONS AT A URANIUM MILL TAILINGS SITE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CONTAMINANT RELEASE MECHANISMS -- Water Infiltration -- Radon Release -- Erosion -- Frost Penetration -- Plant Root Intrusion -- Animal Intrusion -- Cover Design and Performance -- Water Infiltration Control -- Water Balance System -- Revegetation -- Radon Attenuation -- Erosion Control -- Frost Protection -- Biointrusion Control -- Longevity -- Climate Change -- Pedogenesis and Ecological Change -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- SOIL, PLANT, AND STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SURFACE BARRIERS IN ARID ENVIRONMENTS: APPLICATION OF RESULTS STUDIES IN THE… -- INTRODUCTION -- WATER MOVEMENT THROUGH DEEP UNSATURATED ZONE BENEATH UNDISTURBED, VEGETATED AREA -- EVALUATION OF PROCESSES UNDER WASTE-BURIAL CONDITIONS -- APPLICATION TO DESIGN OF BARRIERS FOR LONG-TERM ISOLATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- NATURAL PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES COMPROMISE THE LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF COMPACTED SOIL CAPS -- PHYSICAL PROCESSES INFLUENCING BARRIER INTEGRITY -- Effects of Wetting and Drying Cycles -- Freeze-Thaw Effects -- Soil Erosion -- Subsidence -- BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INFLUENCING BARRIER INTEGRITY -- Root Intrusion -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- GEOMEMBRANES IN SURFACE BARRIERS -- GEOMEMBRANE MANUFACTURE -- GEOMEMBRANE SEAMING -- SUBTITLE C COVER DESIGN INCORPORATING GEOMEMBRANES -- GEOMEMBRANE DURABILITY -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- EARTHEN MATERIALS IN SURFACE BARRIERS -- INTRODUCTION -- WATER BALANCE OF EARTHEN CAPS -- RESISTIVE BARRIERS -- Principle -- Potential Problems -- Case History -- CAPILLARY BARRIERS -- Principle -- Potential Problems -- Case Histories -- MONOLAYER BARRIERS -- Principle -- Potential Problems.

Case Histories -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- COMPARISON OF CLAY AND ASPHALTIC MATERIALS FOR USE AS LOW-PERMEABILITY LAYERS IN ENGINEERED COVERS AT THE ROCKY FLATS… -- INTRODUCTION -- SELECTION CRITERIA -- Hydraulic Conductivity -- Longevity -- Engineering Characteristics -- Constructability -- Clay Soils -- Asphalt Concrete -- Cost -- DESIGN OF SELECTED MATERIAL -- Asphalt Composite Design -- Long-Term Testing -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- ALTERNATIVES FOR GROUND WATER CLEANUP -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- COMPLEXITY OF THE CONTAMINATED SUBSURFACE -- PERFORMANCE OF CONVENTIONAL PUMP-AND-TREAT SYSTEMS -- Capabilities of Pump-and-Treat Systems -- Cleanup Times for Pump-and-Treat Systems -- CAPABILITIES OF ENHANCED PUMP-AND-TREAT AND ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES -- Enhanced Pump-and-Treat Systems -- Alternative Technologies -- Barriers to Implementing Enhancements and Alternatives -- CHARACTERIZING SITES FOR GROUND WATER CLEANUP -- SETTING GOALS FOR GROUND WATER CLEANUP -- CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS -- Complexity of the Subsurface -- Capabilities of Innovative Technologies -- Characterizing Sites -- Setting Cleanup Goals -- CONSTRUCTION OF DEEP BARRIER WALLS FOR WASTE CONTAINMENT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Cutoff Walls Constructed with Self-Hardening Slurry -- Composite Cutoff Walls -- Cutoff Wall Constructed With Plastic Concrete -- CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- SELF-HARDENING SLURRIES AND STABLE GROUTS FROM CEMENT-BENTONITE TO IMPERMIX® -- ABSTRACT -- Definitions -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS OF CEMENT-BENTONITE -- MATERIALS -- CHEMISTRY -- QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURANCE -- IMPERMIX® -- Applications -- Research Needs -- CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- A FIELD TEST OF PERMEATION GROUTING IN HETEROGENEOUS SOILS USING A NEW GENERATION OF BARRIER LIQUIDS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- APPROACH.

THE FIRST FIELD-LEVEL DEMONSTRATION -- Objectives -- The Site -- Barrier Liquids -- Well Drilling and Permeability Measurements -- Barrier Fluid Injection -- Excavation and Visual Inspection -- Post-Excavation Analyses -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- SEALABLE JOINT STEEL SHEET PILING FOR GROUND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Waterloo Barrier™ -- Hydraulic Testing -- Applications and Commercialization -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- ARTIFICIALLY FROZEN GROUND AS A SUBSURFACE BARRIER TECHNOLOGY -- INTRODUCTION -- PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND MECHANICS OF FROZEN GROUND -- Mechanical Properties -- Permeability -- ARTIFICIALLY FROZEN GROUND AS AN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY -- ARTIFICIALLY FROZEN GROUND AS A WASTE-CONTAINMENT TECHNOLOGY -- SCREENING MATRIX -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES.