Maximizing U.S. Interests in Science and Technology Relations with Japan -- Copyright -- OFFICE OF JAPAN AFFAIRS -- STAFF -- Contents -- A Framework for Maximizing U.S. Interests in Science and Technology Relations with Japan -- CONTEXT AND MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY -- LONG-TERM U.S. INTERESTS AT STAKE -- MARKET PARTICIPATION SPURS INNOVATION -- MONITOR, UNDERSTAND, AND PARTICIPATE IN JAPANESE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -- A LONG-TERM, INTEGRATED U.S. APPROACH -- EPILOGUE -- Report of the Competitiveness Task Force Executive Summary -- OVERVIEW -- MAJOR FINDINGS -- Science and Technology Interactions Have Had a Considerable Impact on Economic Performance -- The U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Relationship Is Changing -- But Important Asymmetries Continue to Exist -- Japan Will Continue to Be a Major Partner and Competitor -- U.S. Government Policies Should Be Oriented Toward the Long-Term and Should Incorporate Industry Per ... -- Key Challenges Are Emerging in Asia -- PRIORITIES FOR THE UNITED STATES AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS -- Continue Public Support for National Capabilities Needed to Access and Utilize Japanese Science and Technology -- Recommendations -- Renew Efforts to Engage Japan in Science and Technology Relationships That Deliver Equitable Benefits -- Recommendations -- Increase the Economic Benefits from U.S. Science and Technology Through Enhanced Industry-University-Government Cooperation -- Recommendation -- Expand Market Opportunities for U.S. Science and Technology-Based Products in Japan and Globally -- Recommendations -- 1 Introduction -- CONTEXT -- RECENT TRENDS -- MAJOR ISSUES AND OUTLINE OF THIS STUDY -- 2 Science, Technology, and Innovation in Japan -- SUMMARY POINTS -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF JAPANESE CAPABILITIES IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION -- PRE-WORLD WAR II LEGACY -- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND THE POSTWAR MIRACLE.

A Favorable International Environment: The U.S. Occupation and Alliance -- Government Role in Facilitating the Importation and Diffusion of Critical Technologies -- Industry Creativity in Applying and Modifying Foreign Technologies -- Infrastructure for the Development of Technology-Based Industries -- RECENT CHANGES AND CURRENT CHALLENGES -- Efforts to Improve Fundamental Research Capabilities -- New Mechanisms for International Cooperation and Foreign Technology Acquisition -- New Challenges -- 3 Science, Technology, and Innovation in the United States -- SUMMARY POINTS -- DEVELOPMENTS PRIOR TO WORLD WAR II -- THE ENDLESS FRONTIER -- THE COMPETITIVENESS CRISIS AND RESPONSES -- 4 Statistical and Policy Context for U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Relations -- SUMMARY POINTS -- BASIC DATA ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION -- Input Measures -- Output Measures -- Scientific, Technological, and Economic Relationships -- THE POLICY CONTEXT -- Exchanges of Scientific and Engineering Personnel -- MIT-Japan Program -- AFOSR-JITMTP -- NSF Programs -- Manufacturing Technology Fellowship Program -- Lessons Learned -- Utilization of Japanese Scientific and Technical Information -- 5 U.S.-Japan Technology and Competitiveness Trends in Key Industries -- SUMMARY POINTS -- AUTOMOBILES -- Market Access Asymmetries -- Japanese Industry Advantages -- U.S. Resurgence -- Future Technology and Competitiveness Issues -- Manufacturing and Product Development -- Global Strategies and Approaches to Rapidly Growing Asian Markets -- Advanced Technology -- Outlook for 2007 -- ADVANCED MATERIALS -- General U.S.-Japan Differences -- Concentrated Supply and Dependence -- Market Participation and Technological Capabilities -- Outlook for 2007 -- BIOTECHNOLOGY AND HEALTH CARE -- Background -- Current Issues -- Research and Commercialization Capabilities.

Market Asymmetries: Regulation and Intellectual Property -- Outlook for 2007 -- SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT -- Industry Evolution -- Market Trends and Market Access -- Technology and Manufacturing Trends -- The Contributions and Limitations of Technology Policy Solutions -- Outlook for 2007 -- INFORMATION INDUSTRIES -- Computers, Software, and the Development of U.S. and Japanese Capabilities -- Current Capabilities and Trends -- Future Questions and Issues -- Market Dynamism -- Asian Markets and Technology Networks -- Investments in R&D -- Intellectual Property Protection -- Outlook for 2007 -- 6 Key Lessons and Priorities for the United States -- WHAT HAS CHANGED AND WHAT HASN'T? -- Issues for Japan -- Barriers to Participation in the Japanese Market and Impacts -- Impact of New Players -- Japanese Responses -- Issues for the United States -- Narrowing but Persistent Manufacturing and Product Development Gaps -- Continued Strength in Fundamental Research, With Future Uncertainties -- Strength in Information Industries and Market-Driven Innovations -- Challenges of Continued Globalization -- PRIORITIES AND POLICY OPTIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES -- Building U.S. Capabilities to Access and Utilize Japanese Science and Technology -- Participation in Japanese and Global Markets -- Demanding and Innovative Customers Spur Technology Development -- Expanded Market Participation Provides Resources for Investment in Next-Generation Technology -- Japanese Market Barriers Have Impeded U.S. Innovation Efforts -- The Importance of an Open Competitive U.S. Market -- U.S. Trade Policy -- Intellectual Property -- Lessons and Imperatives for U.S. Companies -- Maintaining U.S. Capabilities in Science, Technology, and Innovation -- Federal Role in Science and Technology with Commercial Applications -- Foreign Participation.

7 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- MAJOR FINDINGS -- Science and Technology Interactions Have Had a Considerable Impact on Economic Performance -- The U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Relationship Is Changing -- But Important Asymmetries Continue to Exist -- Japan Will Continue to Be a Major Partner and Competitor -- U.S. Government Policies Should Be Oriented Toward the Long Term and Should Incorporate Industry Perspectives -- Key Challenges Are Emerging in Asia -- PRIORITIES FOR THE UNITED STATES AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS -- Continue Public Support for National Capabilities Needed to Access and Utilize Japanese Science and Technology -- Recommendations -- Renew Efforts to Engage Japan in Mutually Equitable Science and Technology Relationships -- Recommendations -- Increase the Economic Benefits from U.S. Science and Technology Through Enhanced Industry-University-Government Cooperation -- Recommendation -- Expand Market Opportunities for U.S. Science and Technology-Based Products in Japan and Globally -- Recommendations -- Appendix A Workshops Organized by the Committee on Japan as Input for the Study on Maximizing U.S. Interests -- FOREIGN COMPANY ACCESS TO U.S. NATIONAL LABORATORIES -- U.S. INDUSTRY NEEDS AND ACCESS TO JAPANESE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION -- DEVELOPING HUMAN RESOURCES TO COMPETE AND COOPERATE WITH JAPAN IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -- JAPANESE ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY: U.S. INDUSTRY NEEDS AND ACCESS -- JAPAN: THE EMERGING COMPETITIVE PARADIGMS -- Appendix B Committee on Japan Publications.