Front Matter -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Detection of Life -- 2 Sample Return -- 3 Detecting Extant Life -- 4 Detecting Extinct Life -- 5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- A Glossary and Acronyms -- B Workshop Agenda -- C Workshop Papers -- Session 1: Introduction to the Detection of Life -- HISTORY OF LIFE DETECTION APPROACHES -- NATURE OF BIOCHEMISTRY IN THE UNIVERSE -- CHANCE AND NECESSITY IN BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY: IS LIFE AS WE KNOW IT UNIVERSAL? -- SELF-ASSEMBLY PROCESSES: STEPS TOWARD LIFE'S ORIGINS -- DETECTING LIFE ON EXTRASOLAR PLANETS -- REFERENCES FOR PAPERS IN SESSION 1 -- Session 2: Sample Return -- SAMPLE RETURN FROM PRIMITIVE BODIES -- MARS SAMPLE RETURN: LIFE DETECTION AT ALL LEVELS -- SEARCHING FOR LIFE ON EUROPA FROM A SPACECRAFT LANDER -- SAMPLE RETURN FROM TITAN FOR EXOBIOLOGY -- PLANETARY QUARANTINE -- REFERENCES FOR PAPERS IN SESSION 2 -- Session 3: Detecting Extant Life -- X-RAY MICROSCOPY AND THE DETECTION OF LIFE -- CHARACTERIZING THE INTACT MICROBE-MINERAL INTERFACE -- SINGLE-POLYMER MODEL DETECTION USING NANOPORES -- EXTANT LIFE DETECTION USING STABLE ISOTOPES AND PROTEIN-CHIP TECHNOLOGY -- IRON BIOMINERALS AS BIOMARKERS -- TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETERS: MINIATURIZED INSTRUMENTS WITH A BIOLOGICAL MASS RANGE -- LIFE DETECTION USING MOLECULAR METHODS -- REFERENCES FOR PAPERS IN SESSION 3.