Losing Generations -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Summary -- FINDINGS: DETERIORATED SETTINGS -- CONCLUSIONS: GOOD PRACTICE AND NEW RESEARCH DIRECTIONS -- 1 Adolescents at Risk -- SETTINGS AND INDIVIDUALS -- THE ROLE OF FAMILY INCOME -- REFERENCES -- 2 Earnings and Employment -- TRENDS SINCE 1970 -- JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUNG WORKERS -- Sectoral Shifts in Employment -- Technological Change -- Rising Unemployment -- Immigration -- INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING JOB AVAILABILITY AND EARNINGS -- Minimum Wage and Unions -- Isolation from Jobs -- Discrimination -- CHANGES IN THE SUPPLY AND QUALIFICATIONS OF YOUNG WORKERS -- Supply of Young Workers -- Adequacy of Basic Skills -- Crime -- DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Families -- FAMILY ECONOMICS AND FAMILY STRUCTURE -- Family Structure -- Single-Parent Households -- Two-Parent Households -- FAMILY STRUCTURE, PARENTING STYLES, AND ADOLESCENT OUTCOMES -- Children of Single-Parent Families -- Children of Divorce -- Adolescent Mothers and Their Children -- Parenting Style -- Violence in Families -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Neighborhoods -- CHANGES IN METROPOLITAN NEIGHBORHOODS -- Poverty Concentration and Racial and Ethnic Stratification -- Social Composition of Poor Neighborhoods -- Racial and Ethnic Composition of Schools -- Regional Differences -- POOR NEIGHBORHOODS AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT -- Educational Attainment -- Teenage Pregnancy -- Employment -- Delinquency and Violent Crime -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Health and Health Care -- HEALTH STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS -- THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH -- Evolution of Adolescent Health Care -- Health Services Organization and Delivery -- Mental Health Services -- HEALTH INSURANCE -- Private Coverage -- Medicaid Coverage -- Consequences for Adolescent Health.

SPECIAL PROBLEMS: CONFIDENTIALITY AND CONSENT -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Academic Schooling -- STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT -- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LOW-INCOME AND MORE AFFLUENT SCHOOLS -- Financial Resources -- Resource Availability and Instruction -- ORGANIZATIONAL AND INSTRUCTIONAL STRATIFICATION -- Ability Grouping ("Tracking") -- Grade Retention -- PREVENTING SCHOOL FAILURE -- Chapter 1 Programs -- Dropout Prevention and Student Motivation -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 From School to Work -- THE DIFFICULT TRANSITION TO THE LABOR MARKET: LACK OF A SYSTEM -- VOCATIONAL EDUCATION -- Effects on Occupational Success -- Effects on School Achievement and Attainment -- EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS -- Program Effectiveness -- Studies of YEDPA Programs -- JTPA -- Post-YEDPA Field Demonstrations -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 8 Juvenile and Criminal Justice -- CRIME, MINORITIES, AND CONCENTRATED POVERTY -- LAW ENFORCEMENT AND NEIGHBORHOODS -- THE JUSTICE SYSTEMS -- Processing -- Punishment -- Consequences -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Adolescents in the Child Welfare System -- EVOLUTION OF THE SYSTEM -- Early Reforms -- Recent Trends -- Community-Based Services -- Foster Care -- THE CHILD WELFARE SYSTEM FOR ADOLESCENTS -- Structure and Problems -- Places of Service -- At Home -- Foster Care -- Independent and Residential Homes -- In Custody -- On the Street -- Exclusion of Adolescents -- Adolescent Outcomes -- ISSUES IN PROVIDING SERVICES TO ADOLESCENTS -- Stable Care and Independence -- Short-Term Services and Long-Term Needs -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 10 Good Practice: Community-Based Interventions and Services -- STRENGTHENING FAMILIES AND NEIGHBORHOODS -- Supporting Parents -- Mobilizing Neighborhoods -- IMPROVING INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES -- New Settings for Health Services -- New Academic Approaches.

Vocational Education and Employment and Training Programs -- KEY ELEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE SERVICE -- Sustained Adult Support -- Community Learning and Service -- Developing Emotional Strengths and Life Skills -- Demonstrating Trust and Respect for Adolescents -- Choice and "Voice" for Adolescents -- Issues of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 11 Conclusions and Research Directions -- DIRECTIONS FOR CHANGE IN THE 1990S -- Supporting Families -- Rebuilding and Strengthening Low-Income Neighborhoods -- Health and Mental Health Services -- Education -- Transition from School to Work -- FACING RESPONSIBILITY -- Issues of Discrimination -- Encouraging Change -- AN AGENDA FOR RESEARCH -- General Framework -- The Social Context of Adolescence -- Families -- Family Support Systems -- Schools -- Neighborhoods -- Health Care -- School-To-Work Transition -- Juvenile and Criminal Justice -- Child Welfare and Foster Care -- Individual Differences in Adolescence -- Adolescent Risk Behavior -- Comprehensive Intervention Programs -- Monitoring the Status of the Adolescent Population -- Biographical Sketches of Panel Members and Staff -- Index.