Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Abbreviations -- Section 1: Policy Issues in Involuntary Resettlement -- 1. Scope of OP 4.12 -- Scope of OP 4.12 -- Land Acquisition and Restriction of Access to Conservation Areas -- Coverage of the Terms "Resettlement" and "Displaced Persons" -- The Policy Objective of Minimizing Land Acquisition and Resettlement -- When OP 4.12 Becomes Effective and When It Remains in Force -- Initial Applicability -- Project Closing -- Linkages between Bank and Other Donor or National Projects -- When OP 4.12 Does Not Apply -- Structural Adjustment Loans -- Natural Disasters, War, or Civil Strife -- Indirect Economic Impacts -- Adverse Environmental and Other Socioeconomic Impacts -- National or Regional Resource Management Programs -- Open-Market Purchase of Project Land -- Voluntary Resettlement -- Notes -- 2. Resettlement Instruments and Disclosure -- Resettlement Plan -- Policy Framework -- Process Framework -- Preparation and Implementation of Specific Components of the Project -- Selection of Criteria for Determining Eligibility for Assistance -- Identification of Measures to Improve or Restore Livelihoods and Living Standards -- Resolution of Potential Conflicts or Grievances -- Administrative and Legal Procedures -- Monitoring Arrangements -- Disclosure -- 3. Eligibility Criteria and Units of Entitlement -- Eligibility Criteria: Land Tenure and Severity of Impact -- Land Tenure -- Severity of Impact -- Open Access and Other Property -- Open Access or Common Property -- Residences -- Businesses -- Temporary Permits -- Temporary Involuntary Acquisition -- Appropriate Unit of Entitlement -- 4. Compensation and Income Restoration -- Calculation and Application of Replacement Cost -- General Principles -- Replacement Cost for Land -- Replacement Cost for Houses and Other Structures.

Replacement Cost for Other Assets -- Income Restoration Alternatives: Land, Cash, and Jobs -- General Principles for Replacing Income-Generating Assets -- Land-Based Options -- Cash Compensation and Rehabilitation -- Employment as Rehabilitation -- Note -- 5. Vulnerable Populations -- The Poor -- Women -- Indigenous Peoples -- Those Less Able to Care for Themselves -- Children -- The Elderly -- The Disabled -- Other Groups Not Protected by National Land Compensation Law -- People without Title or Use Rights -- Host Communities -- Community Members Remaining in the Original Area after Resettlement -- Note -- Section 2: Technical Aspects of Involuntary Resettlement -- 6. Resettlement Planning and Processing Requirements -- Processing Requirements at Each Stage of the Project Cycle -- Preidentification -- Project Identification -- Project Quality Enhancement Review -- Project Preparation -- Preappraisal -- Project Decision Meeting -- Project Appraisal -- Negotiations -- Effectiveness -- Supervision -- Irregular Processing: Late Identification of the Need for Resettlement -- Annex: Resettlement Site Selection, Movement of Displaced Persons, and Organization of Community Life -- Phase 1: Criteria for Site Selection -- Phase 2: Feasibility Studies -- Phase 3: Detailed Designs and Land Purchase -- Phase 4: Final Designs and Construction -- Movement of DPs -- Organization of Community Life and Support Services -- 7. Consultation and Participation -- What OP 4.12 Says -- Consultation and Participation Defined -- The Importance of Participation -- Issues in Consultation and Participation -- Consultation and Participation in the Project Cycle -- Project Identification -- Project Preparation -- Project Preappraisal -- Project Appraisal -- Project Implementation -- Project Completion -- The Role of the Bank in Supporting Participation -- Note.

Annex: Consultation and Participation Matrix -- 8. Income Improvement -- What OP 4.12 Says -- Definition of Income Restoration in Operational Terms -- Issues in Income Restoration -- Risk Analysis -- Design of Income Restoration Strategies -- Stage 1: Analyzing Existing Sources of Income -- Stage 2: Surveying and Analyzing Current Economic Conditions -- Stage 3: Identifying New Opportunities -- Income Restoration through Land Replacement -- Strategic Use of Project Opportunities -- Other Income Restoration Strategies -- Requirements for Reporting and Review of Income Restoration Plans -- Monitoring and Supervision of Income Restoration Measures -- Annex: Microfinance as a Tool for Income Restoration -- Microfinance as an Income Restoration Strategy -- Collateral -- Creditworthiness -- Character -- Promotion of Favorable Practices among Financial Institutions -- 9. Costs, Budgeting, and Financing -- What OP 4.12 Says -- Identifying and Reporting Resettlement Costs -- Compensation -- Community Infrastructure and Services Costs -- Relocation Costs -- Resettlement Site Preparation Costs -- Income Restoration and Improvement Costs -- Administrative Costs -- Estimating Resettlement Costs -- Planning Costs -- Compensation Costs -- Community Infrastructure Costs -- Relocation and Resettlement Site Preparation Costs -- Income Restoration or Improvement Costs -- Administrative Costs -- Financial Flows, Arrangements, and Contingencies -- Key Issues -- Financial Arrangements for a Resettlement Policy Framework -- Financial Arrangements for Income Restoration -- Bank Disbursement for Resettlement -- Notes -- 10. Surveys, Monitoring, and Supervision -- What OP 4.12 Says -- Identification: Land Acquisition Assessment -- Census of DPs and Inventory of Assets -- Data Collection Formats -- Staffing -- Field Operations -- Data and Records.

RP Preparation: Socioeconomic Analysis -- Implementation: Monitoring -- Internal Monitoring -- External Monitoring -- Bank Supervision of Resettlement Operations -- Supervision -- Early Review of Resettlement Implementation -- 11. Organizations for Planning and Implementation -- What OP 4.12 Says -- Organizational Responsibility for Resettlement Preparation and Planning -- Land Acquisition Assessment -- Census and Socioeconomic Surveys -- Eligibility Criteria and Resettlement Entitlements -- Consultations -- Feasibility Study of Resettlement Sites -- Feasibility Study of Income Improvement Measures and Formation of DP Committees -- Implementation -- Project Launch Workshop -- Organizational Units -- Organizational Models for Resettlement Implementation -- Checklist for Organizations Involved in Resettlement Implementation -- Coordination with Local Governments -- Monitoring and Evaluation -- Internal Monitoring -- External Monitoring -- Training and Capacity Building -- Notes -- 12. Implementing Resettlement Plans -- Getting Ready for Implementation -- Initiating Implementation -- Payment of Compensation -- Relocation -- Linkage of Resettlement Progress and Pace of Project Construction -- Reconstruction and Relocation to New Housing -- Civic Infrastructure -- Income Improvement Strategies -- Monitoring and Evaluation -- Grievance Redress -- Adaptation When Things Do Not Go According to Plan -- Circumstances Likely to Require Planning Changes -- Documentation of Planning Changes -- Section 3: Involuntary Resettlement in Selected Sectors -- 13. Resettlement in Urban Areas -- The Context of Urban Resettlement -- Importance of Initial Planning -- Minimizing Displacement -- Preventing Fraudulent Claims of Eligibility for Compensation -- Encouraging Public Participation and Responsiveness -- Considering Gender Issues.

Coordination of Administrative and Financial Responsibilities -- Administrative Coordination -- Financial Planning and Coordination -- Limits of Bank Financing in Urban Projects -- Resettlement of Urban Squatters -- Entitlements for People without Security of Tenure -- Adverse Impacts on Mobile Enterprises -- Residential Relocation in Urban Projects -- Replacement Cost for Urban Land -- Replacement Housing in Urban Areas -- Location Issues in Urban Resettlement -- Urban Improvement: Opportunities for Resettlement as Development -- Improvement of Housing Standards -- Slum Improvement Programs -- Land Consolidation Programs -- Economic Rehabilitation in Urban Projects -- Distance of Relocation -- Obstacles to Income Restoration at the Relocation Site -- Community and Public Infrastructure in Urban Projects -- Restoring or Replacing Public Infrastructure -- Creating Public Spaces -- Urban Linear Projects -- 14. Resettlement in Linear Projects -- The Context of Linear Resettlement -- Linear Projects and Their Corridors of Impact -- Roads and Highways -- Gas and Oil Pipelines -- Water and Sanitation Systems -- Irrigation Systems -- Transmission Lines -- Railways -- Participation and Minimization of Resettlement -- Impacts on Vulnerable Populations -- Informal Economic Enterprises -- Residents without Secure Title -- Indigenous People -- Project Phasing, Censuses, and Studies -- Administrative Coordination -- Monitoring -- Summary of Key Elements -- 15. Dams and Resettlement: Building Good Practice -- The Context of Dam Construction -- Organizational Capacity and Commitment -- Assessment of Institutional Capacity for Resettlement Planning and Implementation -- Capacity Building in All Relevant Agencies -- Involvement of Local Institutions Likely to Be Engaged in Operation and Maintenance -- Resettlement Planning.

A Panel of Experts for Preparing and Implementing the Resettlement Program.