Table of contents -- Summary -- Sammendrag -- 1. Frame of the study -- 2. Background information -- 2.1. Applications and product information -- 3. Samples for PFAS screening in the Nordic environment -- 3.1. Sample selection: Criteria and priorities -- 3.2. Sample collection -- 3.2.1. Finland -- 3.2.2. Norway -- 3.2.3. Sweden -- 3.2.4. Denmark -- 3.2.5. Iceland -- 3.2.6. Faroe Islands -- 3.3. Analysis and quantification -- 3.3.1. Preparation of sediment and sludge samples -- 3.3.2. Preparation of water samples -- 3.3.3. Preparation of biota samples -- 3.3.4. Quantification of abiota samples -- 3.3.5. Quantification of biota samples -- 3.4. Quality control and method comparison -- 3.4.1. Sampling protocol -- 3.4.2. Limit of detection/ limit of quantification -- 3.4.3. Laboratory and field blanks -- 3.4.4. Performance tests (parallel samples) -- 3.4.5. Laboratory intercomparison -- 3.4.6. Data handling and comparison -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Levels and distribution -- 4.1.1. Abiotic samples -- 4.1.2. Biota -- 5. Discussion and recommendations -- 5.1. Source elucidation -- 5.2. Sample specific patterns and fate estimation -- 5.2.1. Potential sources -- 5.2.2. Seawater, fresh water and rain water samples -- 5.2.3. Sediment -- 5.2.4. Biota -- 5.3. Spatial distribution -- 5.3.1. Seawater -- 5.3.2 Sewage sludge -- 5.3.3. Sediment -- 5.3.4. Biota -- 5.4. Comparison with literature data -- 5.4.1. Water -- 5.4.2. Sediment -- 5.4.3. Sewage sludge -- 5.4.4. Biota -- 5.5. Level comparison with conventional "legacy" persistent organic pollutants -- 5.5.1. Concentration comparison in Seawater -- 5.5.2. Concentration comparison in Fresh water -- 5.5.3. Concentration comparison in rain water -- 5.5.4. Concentration comparison in sediments -- 5.5.5. Concentration comparison in sewage effluent -- 5.5.6. Concentration comparison in sewage sludge.

5.5.7. Concentration comparison in landfill effluent -- 5.5.8. Concentration comparison in marine mammals -- 5.5.9. Concentration comparison in marine fish -- 5.5.10. Concentration comparison in fresh water fish -- 5.5.11. Concentration comparison in seabirds -- 5.6. Toxicity and ecotoxicity -- 5.7. Sources and environmental implications -- 5.8. Consequences and recommended actions -- 6. Conclusions and suggestions -- 7. Acknowledgements -- 8. Literature -- -- Appendix 1: Sample characteristics -- Appendix 2: Sampling manual -- Appendix 3: Concentration list -- Appendix 4: Sampling locations -- Appendix 5: Abbreviations list.