Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Relevance of Black Political Organizations in the Post-Civil Rights Era, Ollie A. Johnson III and Karin L. Stanford -- 1 Will the Circle Be Unbroken? The Political Involvement of Black Churches since the 1960s, Allison Calhoun-Brown -- 2 The NAACP in the Twenty-first Century, Robert C. Smith -- 3 The National Urban League: Reinventing Service for the Twenty-first Century, Jennifer A. Wade and Brian N. Williams -- 4 A Layin' On of Hands: Black Women's Community Work, Erika L. Gordon -- 5 From Protest to Black Conservatism: The Demise of the Congress of Racial Equality, Charles E. Jones -- 6 "You're Not Ready for Farrakhan": The Nation of Islam and the Struggle for Black Political Leadership, 1984-2000, Claude A. Clegg III -- 7 The Southern Christian Leadership Conference: Beyond the Civil Rights Movement, F. Carl Walton -- 8 Reverend Jesse Jackson and the Rainbow/PUSH Coalition: Institutionalizing Economic Opportunity, Karin L. Stanford -- 9 "We Refused to Lay Down Our Spears": The Persistence of Welfare Rights Activism, 1966-1996, Todd C. Shaw -- 10 Black Political Leadership in the Post-Civil Rights Era, Akwasi B. Assensoh and Yvette Alex-Assensoh -- 11 Where Do We Go from Here? Facing the Challenges of the Post-Civil Rights Era, Valerie C. Johnson -- Notes -- Contributors -- Index.