Contents -- Presentation -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. A "Historical" Evaluation -- 1.2. A Theoretical and Practical Task or Duty -- 1.3. Organization of the Work -- 2. Examination of Some Texts of the Magisterium -- 2.1. Premise -- 2.2. Examination of the Speech at Cologne -- 2.3. The Itinerary of Rationality in the Encounter between Faith and Reason -- 3. Terminology and Changes in the Conceptions of Science -- 3.1. Some Definitions of Terms -- 3.2. Changes in the Concept of Science -- 3.3. The Question of Analogy -- 3.4. The Question of Universals and Nominalism -- 4. Aspects of the Epistemological Reflection of the 20th Century -- 4.1. The Internal Point of View -- 4.2. The External Point of View -- 4.3. The Impact of Galilean Science of Philosophy -- 4.4. The Critical Revision of Epistemology -- 5. Reflections on "Science and Truth" -- 5.1. First Conclusion -- 5.2. Second Conclusion -- 5.3. Third Conclusion -- 5.4. Fourth Conclusion -- 6. Reflections on the Problem of the Foundations of Mathematics -- 6.1. Initial Differences -- 6.2. Epistemological Stages of Mathematical Thought -- 7. The Emergence of Complexity The Whole and the Parts -- 7.1. The Problem from the Point of View of the -- 7.2. The Problem from the Point of View of the -- 8. Minimal Bibliography.