FrontMatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Current Surveys: Challenges and Opportunities -- 3 Improving the Current System in the Short Term -- 4 Toward a New Data Reporting System Based on Administrative Records -- 5 Toward a Comprehensive Assessment of Federal Research and Development Investment -- 6 The Path Ahead -- References -- Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Appendix B: Guide to Federal Grants and Contracts Databases -- Appendix C: Modernizing the Infrastructure of the National Science Foundation Federal Funds Survey: Summary of a Workshop -- Appendix D: Biographical Sketches of Panel Members and Staff -- Committee on National Statistics.