Contents -- Foreword -- Note from the Editors -- Phytonutrients - The Natural Drugs of the Future Tracy Gibbs -- Classes of Phytonutrients -- BIOFLAVONOIDS -- BIOFLAVINOIDS: PROANTHOCYANIDINS -- PINE BARK PROANTHOCYANIDIN -- GRAPE SEED PROANTHOCYANIDINS -- SAFETY -- DOSES -- BIOFLAVINOIDS: NARINGEN, HESPERITIN and RUTIN -- BENEFITS -- SAFETY -- DOSES -- BIOFLAVINOIDS: QUERCETIN -- BENEFITS -- SAFETY -- DOSES -- BIOFLAVINIODS: SILYMARIN -- BENEFITS -- SAFETY -- DOSES -- BIOFLAVINOIDS & Natural Vitamin C -- INDOLES -- BENEFITS -- SAFETY -- DOSES -- XANTHONES -- SAFETY -- DOSES -- CHLOROPHYLL -- BENEFITS -- SAFETY -- DOSES -- CAROTENOIDS -- WHAT ARE CAROTENOIDS AND CAROTENES? -- VITAMINA AND THE CAROTENOIDS -- MOST PEOPLE ARE CAROTENOID DEFICIENT -- THE MAJOR CAROTENOIDS -- Beta-carotene -- Alpha-carotene -- Lycopene -- Lutein -- Astaxanthin -- Why so many carotenoids? -- SAFETY -- DOSES -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Research on the Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Xinyang MaoJian Tea Liu Zhongdong, Yang Jing, Liu Peng, Chen Zhaotan and Meng Qinghua -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIAL AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Applications of RNAi Technology Daina Lim, George W Yip and Boon-Huat Bay -- INTRODUCTION -- MECHANISM OF RNA INTERFERENCE -- MICRORNAS -- GENERAL APPLICATIONS OFRNAI -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Enhancing Bioactive Molecules in Medicinal Plants M Z Abdin -- INTRODUCTION -- Physiochemical approaches -- Through proper nutrient management -- Through hormonal treatment: -- Through stress exposure: -- Through Biotechnological approaches -- Through in vitro culture -- Through genetic transformation -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Biotransformation of Taxanes from Cell Cultures of Taxus sp Jungui Dai, Dean Guo, Masayoshi Ando and Lin Yang -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS.

Organisms, media and culture conditions -- Substrate -- Biotransformation by Ginkgo cell suspension cultures Biotransformation of 1 -- Effect of substrate addition time on the biotransformation -- Biotransforrnation kinetics -- Effects of substituents on the biotransforrnation yields by Ginkgo cells -- Biotransforrnation by A. coerulea Biotransformation of Substrate 1 -- Effect of substituents of substrates on the biotransformation yields -- Effect of pcyclodextrin on the biotransformation of 1 with A. coerulea -- Combined biotransformation of 1 with Ginkgo cells and A. coerulea -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Bioconversion by Ginkgo cell suspension cultures -- Bioconvevsion by the fungus A. coerulea IFO4011 -- Combination of the selective 9 and 7 oxidations of Taxuyunnanine C -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Biotransformation of Terpenes and Steroids by Fungi Paul B Reese -- INTRODUCTION -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Terpene transformations -- Steroid transformations -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Rapid Analysis of Triterpenoid Saponins in Plant Extract Using ESI-MS" and LC-MS" Bin Li, Zeper Abliz, Meijun Tang, Guangmiao Fu and Shishan Yu -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Investigation of the fragmentation behavior of pure triterpenoid saponins -- Analysis of the crude extract -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- HPLC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Constituents of Phyllanthus Amarus Guangying Chen, Guoyuan Zhu, Guoying Li and Wangfun Fong -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Sample preparation -- LC-DAD and LC-MS analyses -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Structure Elucidation of Norditerpene Alkaloids from Ranunculaceae Species Peter Forgo, Katalin E Kover and Judit Hohmann -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES.

Quantitative Detection of Isoflavones in the Extract of Red Clover by HPLC/ESI-MS Zhang Guifeng, Liu Tao and Su Zhiguo -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Plant materials -- General sample preparation -- High-performance liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions for quantitative analysis of isoflavones -- RESULTS -- Identification of isoflavones in red clover -- Optimization of mass spectrometric conditions -- Calibration curve and detection limit -- Methodology and analysis of actual sample -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Measurement of Bioactive Constituents in Traditional Chinese Medicines by CE with Electrochemical Detection Gang Chen and Xiaohong Chen -- INTRODUCTION -- SEPARATION TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS -- SAMPLE PREPARATIONS -- DETERMINATION OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS IN CHINESE MEDICINAL MATERIALS -- Phenols -- Flavonoids -- Anthraquinones, coumarins and alkaloids -- Organic Acids -- Sugars -- DIFFERENTIATION OF TCMS -- DETERMINATION OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENT IN CHINESE MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS -- CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chemical Constituents of Aegiceras corniculatum Zhang Daojing, Zhang Si, Wu Jun and Yang Jin -- INTRODUCTION -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Experimental Section -- 1. General Experimental Procedures -- 2. Plant Material -- 3. Extraction and Isolation -- 4. Identification -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Norditerpenoids from the Soft Coral Nephthea chabroli Wei-Hun Zhang, Kevin Pan and Chun-Tao Che -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- General Experimental Procedures -- Animal Materials -- Extraction and Isolation -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- The Metabolites of the Mangrove Fungus Xylaria sp (2508) Zhi-gang She, Yong-cheng Lin, Zhi-yong Guo, Xiong-yu Wu and Yan Huang -- INTRODUCTION -- Structure of the Metabolites of the Xylaria sp.

Synthesis of the metabolites of Xylaria sp -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Phytochemical Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulations Using HPTLC Milind S Bagul and M Rajani -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Application of Chromatographic Fingerprint to Quality Control for Clematis chinensis Zhi Zeng and Jiuwei Teng -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The Bioactive Pigments from Marine Bacteria Pseudomonas sp Hou-Jin Li, Wen-Jim Lan, Chuang-Hua Cai, Yi-Pin Zhou and Yong-Cheng Lin -- INTRODUCTION -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- EXPERIMENTAL SECTION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Sponges Shixiang Bao, Biwen Wu and Huiqin Huang -- INTRODUCTION -- SCREENING NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM MARINE SPONGES FOR BIOACTIVITY -- APPROACHES TO LARGE SCALE PREPARATION OF MARINE SPONGE NATURAL PRODUCTS -- REFERENCES -- Anti-Inflammatory and Neurotrophic Alkaloids from Higher Plants and Fungi Matthias Hamburger -- INTRODUCTION -- HPLC-BASED DISCOVERY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS -- ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-ALLERGIC ALKALOIDS IN WOAD -- NEURITOGENIC PYRIDONE ALKALOIDS FROM ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI -- CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Effects of Bovine Kidney Heparan Sulphate and Shark Cartilage Chondroitin-6-Sulphate on Palatal Fibroblast Activities George W Yip, Xiao-Hui Zou, Weng-Chiong Foong, Tong Cao, Boon-Huat Bay and Hong-Wei Ouyang -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL SECTION -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Inhibition of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus Flavus by Phenolic Natural Products Russell J Molyneux, Noreen Mahoney, Jong H Kim and Bruce C Campbell -- INTRODUCTION.

IDENTIFICATION OF AFLATOXIN RESISTANCE FACTORS IN WALNUT PELLICLE -- CORRELATION OF GALLIC ACID LEVEL IN WALNUT SEED COAT WITH AFLATOXIN RESISTANCE AND COMPARISON WITH CULTIVARS -- MECHANISM OF ANTI-AFLATOXIGENIC ACTION -- IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Effects of the Cultured Cordyceps Exopolysaccharide Fraction (Epsf) on Some Parameters of Mouse Immune Function In Vivo and In Vitro Wei-yun Zhang, Jin-yu Yang, Jia-ping Chen, Pei-hua Shi and Li-Juan Ling -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Lactobacillus rhamnosus Induces Differential Anti-proliferative Responses and Interleukin-6 Expression Levels in SV-40 and Malignant Uroepithelial Cells Ying-Jing Yong, Ratha Mahendran, Yuan-Kun Lee and Boon-Huat Bay -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Cruciferous Vegetables and Chemoprotection - A Role of ITC-Mediated Apoptosis Peter Rose -- INTRODUCTION -- Glucosinolates -The Source of Bioactive ITCs -- The Glucosinolates - Myrosinase System and the Generation of Bioactive ITCs -- Evidence for the Chemoprotective Role of Crocifers and Associated ITCs -- Apoptosis - A Contributing Factor in ITC-Mediated Chemoprotection? -- ITC-Mediated Stress Signaling Cascades and Their Role in Apoptosis -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Tanshinone I and Tanshinone II A from Salvia Miltiorrhiza Inhibit Growth of K1735M2 Murine Melanoma Cells via Different Pathways Zhenlong Wu, Ying Yang, Ruolin Yang, Guoliang Xia, Liping Xie and Rongqing Zhang -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- New Pesticidal Compounds from Limonoids Trevor H Yee -- INTRODUCTION -- PESTICIDAL POTENTIAL -- Limonoids and Protoliioids -- Quassinoids -- Rotenoids -- REFERENCES.

Insecticidal Properties of Anacardiurn Occidentale L. Shamima A Parveen, Masaru Hashimoto, Nurul Islam, Toshikatsu Okuno and M Khalequzzaman.