Receptive Multilingualism -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- dedication page -- Contents -- About the authors -- Introduction -- Receptive Multilingualism. Linguistic analyses, language policiesand didactic concepts -- The contents of the contributions -- Part 1: Historical Development of Receptive Multilingualism -- Part 2: Receptive multilingualism in discourse -- Part 3: Testing mutual understanding in receptive multilingual communication -- Part 4: Determining the possibilities of reading comprehension in related languages -- Notes -- References -- Part 1. Historical development of receptive multilingualism -- Receptive multilingualism in Northern Europe in the Middle Ages -- 1. Issues and historical development of receptive multilingualism -- 1.1 A short outline of some issues of receptive multilingualism -- 1.2 Receptive multilingualism and nationalism -- 1.3 Outline of the further discussion -- 2. Forms of multilingualism in Northern Europe during the Middle Ages -- 2.1 Receptive vs. productive multilingualism -- 2.2 Functions and domains of languages in the Middle Ages and early Modern Times -- 3. The historical situation in Northern Europe in relation to the forms of multilingualism -- 4. Three examples for the role of receptive multilingualism in L2-language learning -- 4.1 The morphological form of the definite article -- 4.2 An 'imported' periphrastic genitive construction -- 4.3 Changes in the preference in word order -- 5. Concluding remark -- Notes -- References -- Linguistic diversity in Habsburg Austria as a model for modern European language policy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Multinational communication and the Habsburg model -- 2.1 Language policy in the nineteenth-century Habsburg Austria -- 2.2 Language policy and education -- 2.3 Language policy and administration -- 2.4 Language policy in the judiciary.

3. The lesson to be learned -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part 2. Receptive multilingualism in discourse -- Receptive multilingualism in Dutch-German intercultural team cooperation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Receptive multilingualism as a form of multilingual communication -- 2.1 Language contact between two nations -- 2.2 Institutional constellation -- 2.3 The interactants' perspective -- 3. The Goethe-Institute Amsterdam -- 4. Receptive multilingual mode of the speech action pattern"Interactive Planning" -- 5. Institutional keywords -- 6. Receptive multilingualism and intercultural discourse -- 7. Discussion and conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Receptive multilingualism and inter-Scandinavian semicommunication -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Receptive multilingualism: A theoretical overview -- 2.1 Receptive multilingualism and unrelated/remotely related languages -- 2.2 Receptive multilingualism and closely related languages -- 2.3 Receptive multilingual communication and semicommunication -- 2.4 A consensual sphere as a condition for mutual understanding -- 2.5 Receptive multilingualism and multilingual discourses -- 3. Interscandinavian semicommunication: An authentic example -- 3.1 Preliminary remarks -- 3.2 Interscandinavian communication -- 3.3 Interscandinavian work groups and panel discussions -- 3.4 The role of a common background -- 3.5 Dealing with trouble sources -- 3.6 Neighbouring-language acquisition -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Receptive multilingualism in Switzerland and the case of Biel/Bienne -- 0. Introduction -- 1. The context: Switzerland as a multilingual nation -- 2. Four models of interlingual communication in Switzerland -- 3. The case of Biel/Bienne - an officially bilingual city -- 4. The research project bil.bienne: bilinguisme à bienne - Kommunikation in einer zweisprachigen Stadt.

5. Language choice in a Swiss multilingual setting -- 6. How multilingual communication works in Biel/Bienne and in Fribourg -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes on the transcriptions -- Notes -- References -- The Swiss model of plurilingual communication -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The educational context -- 3. French-German intercommunity communication: from myth to reality -- 4. Examples of intercommunity communication at work -- 5. Perspectives -- Notes -- References -- Receptive multilingualism in business discourses -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Aspects and functions of multilingualism -- 3. Business negotiations -- 4. Language choice -- 5. The data -- 6. Multilingual discourse -- 7. Code Switching -- 7.1 Code Switching for Small Talk -- 7.2 Strategical Code Switching -- 8. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Speaker stances in native and non-native English conversation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The database -- 3. Co-occurrence patterns of I in English L1 and ELF conversation -- 3.1 Mental verbs -- 3.2 Material verbs -- 3.3 Relational verb types -- 3.4 Verbal verbs -- 4. Conclusion -- Transcription symbols -- Notes -- References -- Part 3. Testing mutual understanding in receptive multilingual communication -- Understanding differences in inter-Scandinavian language understanding -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Differences in understanding -- 3. Testing understanding in different ways -- 4. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Scandinavian intercomprehension today -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The investigation -- 2.1 The test -- 2.2 The investigation -- 2.3 General results -- 2.4 Scandinavian as a second language -- 2.5 Comprehension of neighbouring languages in the different cities -- 2.6 Age differences -- 2.7 Comparison with Maurud -- 2.8 Comprehension of English -- 2.9 Analysis -- 3. Final remark -- Notes -- References.

Part 4. Determining the possibilities of reading comprehension in related languages -- Interlingual text comprehension -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Aim of the research -- 1.2 Frisian and Afrikaans in relation to Dutch -- 1.2 Frisian and Afrikaans -- 2. Intelligibility -- 2.1 Method -- 2.2 Which language is more difficult to understand, Frisian or Afrikaans? -- 3. Attitudes -- 3.1 Method -- 3.2 Can the difference in intelligibility between Frisian and Afrikaans be explained by differences in language attitudes? -- 4. Linguistic distances -- 4.1 Method -- 4.2 Can the difference in intelligibility between Frisian and Afrikaans be explained on the basis of the linguistic distance? -- 5. Conclusion and discussion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix A: The Afrikaans version of the dating text -- Processing levels in foreign-language reading -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Research on reading -- 3. Models of interaction and processing levels during reading -- 4. Processing levels of the reading process -- 4.1 Graphemic level: eye movements, visual word recognition and phonological recoding -- 4.2 Word recognition with lexical access and recognition in context -- 4.3 Sentence processing -- 4.4 Form, content and the role of prior knowledge -- 4.5 Semantic analysis -- 5. Code-switching -- 6. Processing levels, reading and acquiring related languages -- References -- A computer-based exploration of the lexical possibilities of intercomprehension -- 1. The role of cognates in reading a closely related language -- 2. The project -- 3. Which "previous knowledge" is necessary? -- 3.1 The main sound correspondences and their statistical importance -- 3.2 Correspondence and similarity -- 3.3 Correspondence rules -- 4. The program NL-D-KOG -- 5. Results -- 6. Misleading cognates -- 7. A "Cloze test" -- 8. Conclusion -- Notes -- References.

How can DaFnE and EuroComGerm contribute to the concept of receptive multilingualism? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1 Multilingual processing model: Spontaneous learner grammar -- 2.2 Hufeisen's factor model -- 3. Recent examples of linguistic research and good applied practice -- 3.1 Multiple-language acquisition: Tertiärsprachenkonzept - German after English (DaFnE) -- 3.2 EuroComGerm and eag -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Index of names -- Index of subjects -- The series Hamburg Studies on Multilingualism.