CONTENTS -- 1. GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBER -- 1.1. What is a rubber? -- 1.2. Chemical constitution of rubbers -- 1.3. Early theories of rubber elasticity -- 1.4. The kinetic theory of elasticity -- 1.5. Cross-linking and vulcanization: network theory -- 1.6. The glass-rubber transition -- 1.7. Crystallization in raw rubber -- 1.8. Crystallization in the stretched state -- 2. INTERNAL ENERGY AND ENTROPY CHANGES ON DEFORMATION -- 2.1. Stress-temperature relations -- 2.2. Thermodynamic analysis -- 2.3. Application to experimental data -- 2.4. Interpretation of thermoelastic data -- 2.5. Thermal effects of extension -- 2.6. Conclusion -- 3. THE ELASTICITY OF LONG-CHAIN MOLECULES -- 3.1. Statistical properties of long-chain molecules -- 3.2. Statistical form of long-chain molecule -- 3.3. The randomly jointed chain -- 3.4. Properties of Gaussian functions -- 3.5. The distribution of r-values -- 3.6. Equivalent random chain -- 3.7. The entropy of a single chain -- 3.8. The tension on a chain -- 4. THE ELASTICITY OF A MOLECULAR NETWORK -- 4.1. The nature of the problem -- 4.2. Detailed development of the theory -- 4.3. Significance of theoretical conclusions -- 4.4. The principal stresses -- 4.5. Significance of single elastic constant -- 4.6. The elastic properties of a swollen rubber -- 4.7. Development of the theory -- 4.8. Network imperfections: 'loose end' corrections -- 4.9. The absolute value of the modulus -- 5. EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF THE STATISTICAL THEORY -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Particular stress-strain relations -- 5.3. Experimental examination of stress-strain relations -- 5.4. Deviations from theory: Mooney equation -- 5.5. General conclusions -- 6. NON-GAUSSIAN CHAIN STATISTICS AND NETWORK THEORY -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Statistical treatment of randomly jointed chain -- 6.3. Entropy and tension.

6.4. Alternative derivation of tension on chain -- 6.5. The exact distribution function -- 6.6. Application to real molecular structures -- 6.7. Non-Gaussian network theory -- 6.8. Comparison with experiment -- 6.9. Possible influence of crystallization -- 6.10. The equivalent random link -- 7. SWELLING PHENOMENA -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. General thermodynamic principles -- 7.3. Experimental data -- 7.4. Significance of thermodynamic quantities -- 7.5. Statistical treatment of swelling -- 7.6. Comparison with experiment -- 7.7. The swelling of cross-linked polymers -- 7.8. Relation between swelling and modulus -- 7.9. The cohesive-energy density -- 7.10. The dependence of swelling on strain -- 7.11. Experiments on swelling of strained rubber -- 7.12. Swelling under torsional strain -- 8. CROSS-LINKING AND MODULUS -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Early work -- 8.3. The experiments of Moore and Watson and of Mullins -- 8.4. Effect of entanglements -- 8.5. Discussion and conclusion -- 9. PHOTOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF RUBBERS -- 9.1. Refractive index and polarizability -- 9.2. Optical properties of long-chain molecules -- 9.3. The Gaussian network -- 9.4. The effect of swelling -- 9.5. The non-Gaussian network -- 9.6. Measurement of birefringence -- 9.7. Investigations on natural rubber -- 9.8. The effect of the degree of cross-linking -- 9.9. Polyethylene -- 9.10. Optical properties of the monomer unit -- 9.11. The equivalent random link -- 9.12. The effect of swelling on stress-optical coefficient -- 9.13. Temperature dependence of optical anisotropy -- 10. THE GENERAL STRAIN: PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. The theory of Mooney -- 10.3. Rivlin's formulation -- 10.4. Pure homogeneous strain -- 10.5. The general strain: early experiments -- 10.6. The experiments of Rivlin and Saunders -- 10.7. Interpretation of Mooney plots.

10.8. Molecular significance of deviations from statistical theory -- 11. ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF STRAIN-ENERGY FUNCTION -- 11.1. Survey of alternative proposals -- 11.2. Ogden's formulation -- 11.3. The Valanis-Landel hypothesis -- 11.4. Experimental examination of Valanis-Landel hypothesis -- 11.5. Form of the function w'(λ) -- 11.6. Re-examination in terms of strain invariants -- 12. LARGE-DEFORMATION THEORY: SHEAR AND TORSION -- 12.1. Introduction: components of stress -- 12.2. Stress components in simple shear -- 12.3. Torsion of a cylinder -- 12.4. Generalization of preceding results -- 12.5. Experimental verification -- 12.6. Further problems in torsion -- 12.7. Simultaneous extension, inflation, and shear of cylindrical annulus -- 12.8. Application of Ogden formulation -- 13. THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GAUSSIAN NETWORK -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Force-extension relation for Gaussian network -- 13.3. Stress-temperature relations -- 13.4. Internal energy and entropy changes -- 13.5. Measurements at constant volume -- 13.6. Values of f[sub(e)]/f -- 13.7. Alternative experimental methods -- 13.8. Theoretical analysis of torsion -- 13.9. Experimental data for torsion -- 13.10. Volume changes due to stress -- 13.11. Experimental examination -- 13.12. Volume changes in torsion -- 13.13. Calorimetric determination of internal-energy contribution to stress -- 13.14. Temperature dependence of chain dimensions -- 13.15. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- AUTHOR INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Y -- SUBJECT INDEX -- B -- C -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V.