Baseband Receiver Design for Wireless MIMO-OFDM Communications -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations and Acronyms -- PART ONE: FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Digital Broadcasting Systems -- 1.1.1 Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) -- 1.1.2 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) -- 1.2 Mobile Cellular Systems -- 1.2.1 Carrier Aggregation -- 1.2.2 Multiple-Antenna Configuration -- 1.2.3 Relay Transmission -- 1.2.4 Coordinated Multipoint Transmission and Reception (CoMP) -- 1.3 Wireless Network Systems -- 1.3.1 Personal Area Network (PAN) -- 1.3.2 Local Area Network (LAN) -- 1.3.3 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) -- 1.3.4 Wide Area Network (WAN) -- Summary -- References -- 2. Digital Modulation -- 2.1 Single-Carrier Modulation -- 2.1.1 Power Spectral Densities of Modulation Signals -- 2.1.2 PSK, QAM, and ASK -- 2.1.3 CPFSK and MSK -- 2.1.4 Pulse Shaping and Windowing -- 2.2 Multi-Carrier Modulation -- 2.2.1 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing -- 2.2.2 OFDM Related Issues -- 2.2.3 OFDM Transceiver Architecture -- 2.3 Adaptive OFDM -- Summary -- References -- 3. Advanced Wireless Technology -- 3.1 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) -- 3.1.1 Introduction -- 3.1.2 MIMO Basics -- 3.1.3 MIMO Techniques -- 3.1.4 MIMO-OFDM System Example -- 3.2 Multiple Access -- 3.2.1 Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA) -- 3.2.2 Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) -- 3.2.3 Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) -- 3.2.4 Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) -- 3.2.5 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) -- 3.2.6 Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA) -- 3.3 Spread Spectrum and CDMA -- 3.3.1 PN Codes -- 3.3.2 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum -- 3.3.3 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum -- Summary -- References -- 4. Error-Correcting Codes -- 4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Block Codes -- 4.2.1 Linear Codes -- 4.2.2 Cyclic Codes -- 4.3 Reed-Solomon Codes -- 4.3.1 Finite Fields -- 4.3.2 Encoding -- 4.3.3 Decoding -- 4.3.4 Shortened Reed-Solomon Codes -- 4.4 Convolutional Codes -- 4.4.1 Encoding -- 4.4.2 Viterbi Decoder -- 4.4.3 Punctured Convolutional Codes -- 4.5 Soft-Input Soft-Output Decoding Algorithms -- 4.5.1 MAP Decoder -- 4.5.2 Log-MAP Decoder -- 4.5.3 Max-Log-MAP Decoder -- 4.6 Turbo Codes -- 4.6.1 Encoding -- 4.6.2 Decoding -- 4.7 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes -- 4.7.1 Encoding -- 4.7.2 Decoding -- Summary -- References -- 5. Signal Propagation and Channel Model -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Wireless Channel Propagation -- 5.2.1 Path Loss and Shadowing -- 5.2.2 Multipath Fading -- 5.2.3 Multipath Channel Parameters -- 5.2.4 MIMO Channel -- 5.3 Front-End Electronics Effects -- 5.3.1 Carrier Frequency Offset -- 5.3.2 Sampling Clock Offset -- 5.3.3 Phase Noise -- 5.3.4 IQ Imbalance and DC Offset -- 5.3.5 Power Amplifier Nonlinearity -- 5.4 Channel Model -- 5.4.1 Model for Front-End Impairments -- 5.4.2 Multipath Rayleigh Fader Model -- 5.4.3 Channel Models Used in Standards -- Summary -- References -- PART TWO: MIMO-OFDM RECEIVER PROCESSING -- 6. Synchronization -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Synchronization Issues -- 6.2.1 Synchronization Errors -- 6.2.2 Effects of Synchronization Errors -- 6.2.3 Consideration for Estimation and Compensation -- 6.3 Detection and Estimation of Synchronization Errors -- 6.3.1 Symbol Timing Detection -- 6.3.2 Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation -- 6.3.3 Residual CFO and SCO Estimation -- 6.3.4 Carrier Phase Estimation -- 6.3.5 IQ Imbalance Estimation -- 6.4 Detection and Estimation of Synchronization Errors in MIMO-OFDM Systems -- 6.4.1 Symbol Timing Detection in MIMO-OFDM Systems -- 6.4.2 Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Systems.

6.4.3 Residual CFO and SCO Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Systems -- 6.4.4 Carrier Phase Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Systems -- 6.4.5 IQ Imbalance Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Systems -- 6.5 Recovery of Synchronization Errors -- 6.5.1 Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation -- 6.5.2 Sampling Clock Offset and Common Phase Error Compensation -- 6.5.3 IQ Imbalance Compensation -- Summary -- References -- 7. Channel Estimation and Equalization -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Pilot Pattern -- 7.2.1 Pilot Pattern in SISO-OFDM Systems -- 7.2.2 Pilot Pattern in MIMO-OFDM Systems -- 7.3 SISO-OFDM Channel Estimation -- 7.3.1 Channel Estimation by Block-Type Pilot Symbols -- 7.3.2 Channel Estimation by Comb-Type Pilot Symbols -- 7.3.3 Channel Estimation by Grid-Type Pilot Symbols -- 7.4 MIMO-OFDM Channel Estimation -- 7.4.1 Space-Time Pilot -- 7.5 Adaptive Channel Estimation -- 7.6 Equalization -- 7.6.1 One-Tap Equalizer -- 7.6.2 Multi-Tap Equalizer -- 7.7 Iterative Receiver -- 7.7.1 Iterative Synchronization and Channel Estimation -- 7.7.2 Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation with Iterative Decoding (BICM-ID) -- Summary -- References -- 8. MIMO Detection -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Linear Detection -- 8.2.1 Zero Forcing (ZF) -- 8.2.2 Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) -- 8.3 MIMO Detection with Channel Preprocessing -- 8.3.1 Sorting -- 8.3.2 QR Decomposition -- 8.3.3 MMSE-SQRD -- 8.3.4 Ordered Successive Interference Cancelation (OSIC) -- 8.3.5 Lattice Reduction (LR) -- 8.4 Sphere Decoder -- 8.4.1 Depth-First Tree Search -- 8.4.2 Breadth-First Tree Search -- 8.4.3 Best-First Tree Search -- 8.4.4 Complexity Measurement -- 8.4.5 Design Space Exploration of Sphere Decoder -- 8.5 Soft-Output Sphere Decoder -- 8.5.1 Repeated Tree Search -- 8.5.2 Single Tree Search -- 8.5.3 LLR Clipping -- 8.6 Iterative MIMO Detection -- 8.6.1 List Sphere Decoder -- 8.6.2 Soft-Input Soft-Output Sphere Decoder.

8.6.3 Iterative SIC-MMSE Detection -- 8.7 Precoding -- 8.7.1 Beam Steering -- 8.7.2 Spatial Decorrelation -- 8.7.3 Limited Feedback -- 8.8 Space Block Code -- Summary -- References -- PART THREE: HARDWARE DESIGN FOR MIMO-OFDM RECEIVERS -- 9. Circuit Techniques -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Fast Fourier Transform Modules -- 9.2.1 FFT Algorithms -- 9.2.2 Architecture -- 9.2.3 Comparison -- 9.3 Delay Buffer -- 9.3.1 SRAM/Register File-Based Delay Buffer -- 9.3.2 Pointer-Based Delay Buffer -- 9.3.3 Gated Clock Strategy -- 9.3.4 Comparison -- 9.4 Circuits for Rectangular-to-Polar Conversion -- 9.4.1 Arctangent Function -- 9.4.2 Magnitude Function -- 9.4.3 Comparison -- 9.5 Circuits for Polar-to-Rectangular Conversion -- 9.5.1 Trigonometric Approximation -- 9.5.2 Polynomial Approximation -- 9.5.3 Comparison -- Summary -- References -- 10. MIMO IC Design Examples -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 QR Decomposition IC -- 10.2.1 System Description -- 10.2.2 Algorithm Design -- 10.2.3 Architecture Design -- 10.2.4 Experimental Results -- 10.3 8 × 8 Soft-Output Sphere Decoder -- 10.3.1 Block Description -- 10.3.2 Algorithm Design -- 10.3.3 Architecture Design -- 10.3.4 Experimental Results -- Summary -- References -- 11. Mobile MIMO WiMAX System-on-Chip Design -- 11.1 Introduction of WiMAX Standard -- 11.2 Mobile WiMAX OFDMA and Frame Structure -- 11.3 WiMAX Baseband Receiver Design -- 11.3.1 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) -- 11.3.2 Packet Detection (PKD) -- 11.3.3 Symbol Timing Recovery (STR) -- 11.3.4 Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) Compensation -- 11.3.5 Channel Estimation -- 11.3.6 MIMO Detection -- 11.3.7 Outer Receiver -- 11.4 WiMAX Media Access Control (MAC) Design -- 11.5 Implementation and Field Trial of the WiMAX SoC -- 11.5.1 Laboratory Testing and Performance Evaluation -- 11.5.2 Taiwan High Speed Rail Field Trial -- Summary -- References -- Index.