Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Definitions, Titles, and Credentials -- Nurse-Midwives -- Lay, Empirical, Community, and Direct-Entry Midwives -- Midwifery and Midwives Through the Centuries -- Midwifery Models of Care -- The ACNM Midwifery Model of Care -- MANA: "The Midwives' Model of Care™" -- Summary of Midwifery Models of Care -- Notes -- Share The Midwife Said Fear Not: A History of Midwifery in the United States -- Section I: Early History of Midwifery in the United States (1600s-1940s) -- Chapter 1: The Early Voices of Midwives -- The Voices of Predecessor Midwives in Antiquity -- The Voices of Midwives in the Colonies (1607-1775) and Early History of the United States (1776-Mid-1800s) -- The Voices of Traditional African American Antebellum Slave Midwives (1619-1861) -- The Voices of Granny Midwives (Late 1800s-Mid-1900s) -- The Voices of Immigrant Midwives and Other Midwives in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s -- Notes -- Chapter 2: Silencing the Early Voices of Midwives: 1600s to 1800s -- Advances in Knowledge and Exclusion of Midwives and Women from Learning -- Midwifery in Europe -- Study Abroad for Physicians and Their Takeover of Midwifery in the United States -- Development of Medical Schools and the Flexner Report -- Women in Medicine -- Professionalization of Medicine and the Specialty of Obstetrics -- Pain Relief During Childbirth: Ether and Chloroform -- Notes -- Chapter 3: Silencing the Early Voices of Midwives (Late 1800s-Early 1900s) -- The "Midwife Problem" -- Legislation/Rules/Regulations and the Practice of Midwifery -- Nursing and Midwifery -- The Bellevue School for Midwives -- "Twilight Sleep" -- Professionalization of Nursing, Nursing Education, and Public Health Nursing -- Professionalization of Midwifery Needed to Survive -- Notes.

Chapter 4: Silencing the Early Voices of Midwives (Late 1910s-Mid-1940s) -- Closure of the Bellevue School for Midwives -- Restrictive Legislation -- The Continuing Move into Hospitals -- Silencing the Immigrant Japanese Sanba Midwives -- Notes -- Section II: History of Early Nurse-Midwifery Practice and Education in the United States (1920s-Early 1950s) -- Chapter 5: Nursing Roots -- Florence Nightingale -- Public Health Nursing -- Public Health Policies, Programs, and Public Health Nursing -- Children's Bureau -- Prenatal Care -- Maternity Center Association -- Public Health Nurses as Midwives -- Sheppard-Towner Act -- Notes -- Chapter 6: The Nurse-Midwife Starts Practicing (1920s-Early 1950s) -- Frontier Nursing Service -- Lobenstine Midwifery Clinic -- Practice of Early Nurse-Midwifery Education Program Graduates (1925-1954) -- Family-Centered Maternity Care and Natural Childbirth -- Notes -- Chapter 7: Early Education for Nurse-Midwives (1920s-1954) -- Manhattan Midwifery School -- Lobenstine/Maternity Center Association Midwifery School -- Frontier Nursing School of Midwifery -- Tuskegee School of Nurse-Midwifery -- Dillard University Flint-Goodridge School of Nurse-Midwifery -- Catholic Maternity Institute School of Nurse-Midwifery and Catholic University of America -- Notes -- Section III: History of the Resurgence of Community Midwives and Early Education Pathways in the United States (1960s-1980s) -- Chapter 8: Resurgence of Community Midwives -- Consumer Demand for Out-of-Hospital Birth -- Responses to Consumer Demands -- Variety of Lay Midwife Practitioners in the 1960s and 1970s -- Communication and Networking -- Notes -- Chapter 9: Early Education Pathways for Community and Lay Midwives (1970s and 1980s) -- Apprentice Education: 1800s to 1970s -- Academic Models of Lay/Community Midwife Education -- Notes.

Section IV: Development of Midwifery Organizations-Life-Giving Forces for Midwives -- Introduction and Overview of Professionalism and Professionalization -- Definition and Characteristics of a Profession -- Key Characteristics of a Professional -- Professionalism and Professionalization -- Chapter 10: The American College of Nurse-Midwives -- Predecessor Organizations -- Founding of the American College of Nurse-Midwifery -- Organizational Development -- Core Documents -- Notes -- Chapter 11: Midwives Alliance of North America -- Predecessor Organizations -- Founding of Midwives Alliance of North America -- Organizational Development -- Essential (Core) Documents -- Descriptive Statistics -- Coda -- Notes -- Chapter 12: National Association of Certified Professional Midwives -- Early History and Founding -- Organizational Development -- Core Documents -- NACPM Website -- Coda -- Notes -- Section V: History of Nurse-Midwifery Practice and Education in the United States (1950s-1980s) -- Chapter 13: Nurse-Midwifery Practice (1950s-1980s) -- Nurse-Midwives Move into Large City and University Medical Center Hospitals -- Psychoprophylaxis -- Technological Advances and the Continuing Quest for Pain Relief -- Nurse-Midwives Move into Private Practice With Births Both in and Out of a Hospital -- Nurse-Midwives Create the Modern Out-of-Hospital Birth Center -- Practical Practice Help from the ACNM -- Evaluation and Effectiveness Studies -- Descriptive Studies -- Notes -- Chapter 14: Nurse-Midwifery Education (1955−1980s) -- Types of Programs -- Growth Spurts -- Education Workshops -- Developments in Education -- Notes -- Section VI: History of Direct-Entry Midwifery Education and the Credentialing of Midwives in the United States -- Chapter 15: Direct-Entry Midwifery Education -- American College of Nurse-Midwives (1978-1996).

Midwives Alliance of North America (1983-1991) -- Association of Midwifery Educators -- Notes -- Chapter 16: Credentialing of Midwives -- Accreditation -- Certification -- Licensure -- Notes -- Section VII: External/Internal Relationships Affecting Midwifery -- Chapter 17: Federal Legislation Affecting Midwifery Practice -- The American College of Nurse-Midwives' Involvement in Legislation -- Direct-Entry Midwifery Groups' Involvement in Legislation -- Collaborative Efforts in Maternity Care Legislation -- Notes -- Chapter 18: Midwives With Women and Childbearing Families -- Consumers and Midwives Working Together for Safe Choices Among Childbirth Alternatives -- Listening to Women -- Public Policy Agenda for Women -- Notes -- Chapter 19: Midwives (CNMs) With Physicians -- Historical Evolution -- Joint Statements -- Coda -- Notes -- Chapter 20: Midwives (CNMs) With Nurses and Nursing -- Early Confusion With Identity of Nurse-Midwives -- Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, and ANA -- National Federation of Specialty Nursing Organizations and ANA -- ANA and Early Certification Efforts -- ACNM's Continuing Internal Struggle with Self-Identification and the Working Document -- Nurse-Midwives and OB-GYN Nurse Practitioners -- ANA Develops a Credentialing Center -- ANA Defines Nurse-Midwives as Nurse Practitioners -- ACNM Defines Nurse-Midwives -- ANA Defines Nurse-Midwives as Advanced Practice Registered Nurses -- AACN and Accreditation -- Nursing Response to ACNM Involvement in Direct-Entry Midwifery -- Nurse-Midwives Included in APRN Regulation -- Self-Identification and Loss of Autonomy -- Coda -- Notes -- Chapter 21: Midwives with Midwives: United States -- Carnegie Meetings Stimulate Midwifery Dialogue in the United States -- The MANA-ACNM Interorganizational Workgroup on Midwifery Education -- Notes.

Chapter 22: Midwives with Midwives: International -- The International Confederation of Midwives -- ACNM's Role in International Midwifery -- Notes -- Index.