Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Potential Contamination Agents of Interest -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Water System Vulnerability -- 1.2.1 Physical Disruption -- 1.2.2 Contamination -- 1.3 Microbial Threats -- 1.3.1 Biological Agents -- 1.4 Chemical Agents -- 1.4.1 Chemical Categories -- 1.5 Chemical or Biological Release Examples -- 1.6 Public Health Impacts -- 1.7 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 Surveillance Methods and Technologies for Water and Wastewater Systems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Monitoring Routine Chemical Indicators of Contamination -- 2.2.1 On-line Chlorine Measurement -- 2.2.2 General Organic Chemical Load -- 2.2.3 Oil and Petroleum Detection -- 2.2.4 On-line Analytical Probes and Multiparameter Panels -- 2.2.5 Multiarray Sensors -- 2.3 Real-Time Toxicity Biomonitoring -- 2.3.1 Bacteria-Based Toxicity Sensors -- 2.3.2 Daphnia Toximeters -- 2.3.3 Mussel Monitors -- 2.3.4 Algae Toximeters -- 2.3.5 Fish -- 2.4 Monitoring for Radiation to Detect Radionuclides -- 2.5 Screening for Specific Chemical Contaminants -- 2.6 Screening for Specific Pathogens -- 2.7 Pathogen Detection Systems Currently Under Development -- 2.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Designing an Optimal Water Monitoring Systems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Role of Monitoring in Water Security -- 3.3 Contamination Warning System -- 3.4 Ideal Contamination Warning Technology -- 3.5 Multiobjective Monitoring Programs -- 3.6 Review of Monitoring Methods -- 3.7 Optimal Monitoring Locations -- 3.8 Case Study -- 3.9 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 4 Emergency Response Planning for Drinking Water Systems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Return on Investment for a Utility Preparedness Program -- 4.2 Legislation and Directives.

4.3 Emergency Response Planning Within the Business Continuity Planning Umbrella -- 4.4 Phases of Emergency Management -- 4.4.1 Assessment -- 4.4.2 Mitigation -- 4.4.3 Preparation -- 4.4.4 Response -- 4.5 National Incident Management System (NIMS) and Incident Command System (ICS) -- 4.5.1 Incident Command System -- 4.5.2 National Incident Management System -- 4.5.3 NIMS Compliance -- 4.5.4 NIMS Training -- 4.5.5 NIMS/ICS Training for Utility Personnel -- 4.6 Promoting Resource and Information Exchange Among Stakeholders -- 4.6.1 WARN -- 4.6.2 Emergency Exercises -- 4.7 How to Develop an Emergency Plan -- 4.7.1 Types of Threats -- 4.7.2 Plan Approval -- 4.8 Contents of an Emergency Plan -- 4.9 Considerations for Emergency Response Plan Content -- 4.9.1 Mutual Aid Agreements -- 4.9.2 Intertie Connections and Agreements with Other Systems -- 4.9.3 System Information -- 4.9.4 Response Actions for Specific Events -- 4.9.5 Roles and Responsibilities -- 4.9.6 Succession Planning -- 4.10 Communications -- 4.10.1 Emergency Notification of Personnel -- 4.10.2 Internal Communication -- 4.10.3 External Communication -- 4.10.4 Communication with the Public -- 4.10.5 Communication with Critical Customers -- 4.11 Personnel Safety -- 4.11.1 Emergency Equipment -- 4.12 ERP Activation -- 4.12.1 Threat Warning System -- 4.12.2 Triggers -- 4.13 Plan Maintenance -- References -- Chapter 5 Treatability of Contaminants in Conventional Systems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Water Treatment -- 5.3 Future Research -- References -- Chapter 6 Decontamination Methods for Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution Systems -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2.1 Problem Definition -- 6.2.2 Research and Development Status -- 6.3 Current Decontamination and Treatment Practices -- 6.3.1 Available Decontamination Technologies -- 6.3.2 Technology Descriptions.

6.4 How to Select a Decontamination/Treatment Technology -- 6.5 Research Directions -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 7 Decontamination Methods for Wastewater and Stormwater Collection and Treatment Systems -- 7.1 Contamination and Decontamination Overview -- 7.1.1 System Contamination -- 7.1.2 Decontamination -- 7.1.3 Radioactive Decontamination -- 7.1.4 Chemical and Biological Decontamination -- 7.2 Potential Decontamination Technologies -- 7.2.1 Emerging Technologies -- 7.2.2 Crossover Technologies -- 7.2.3 Pipe Refurbishment or Replacement -- 7.3 Critical Needs Analysis -- 7.3.1 Emergency Options -- 7.3.2 Decontamination Measures -- 7.4 Research Directions -- 7.4.1 System Threat -- 7.4.2 Decontamination Technology Effectiveness -- 7.4.3 Crosswalk between Disciplines and Industries -- 7.4.4 Common Treatment Technologies -- 7.5 General Considerations and Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 8 Prevention of Contamination of Drinking Water in Buildings and Large Venues -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Building and Plumbing Assessment -- 8.2.1 Typical High Rise Configuration -- 8.2.2 Typical Low Rise Configuration -- 8.3 Water System Components Associated With Large Venues -- 8.3.1 Piping Systems -- 8.3.2 Pumps -- 8.3.3 Storage Tanks -- 8.3.4 Backflow Prevention Devices -- 8.3.5 Valves -- 8.3.6 Wall Hydrants -- 8.3.7 Service Connections -- 8.4 Water Supply Vulnerability -- 8.4.1 Potential Soft Targets in Large Venues -- 8.4.2 Hydraulic Models and Contamination Scenarios -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9 Understanding the Implications of Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies for Water -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Water System Components and Interdependency -- 9.2.1 Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants -- 9.2.2 Dams -- 9.3 Types of Interdependency.

9.3.1 Geographic Interdependencies: Co-location -- 9.3.2 Functional Interdependencies by Infrastructure Sector -- 9.4 Measuring Functional Interdependency -- 9.5 Global Considerations -- 9.6 Research Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Index.