Wireless Internet Telecommunications -- Contents v -- Preface xi -- Acknowledgments xiii -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 An Exciting Future 1 -- 1.2 Requirements 3 -- 1.2.1 Technological Requirements 4 -- 1.3 Preview 6 -- 1.4 Themes and Principles 8 -- 1.5 Scope 11 -- 1.6 Summary 12 -- References 13 -- 2 The Internet 15 -- 2.1 Short History 17 -- 2.2 Routing 18 -- 2.2.1 Addressing 19 -- 2.2.2 Hierarchical Routing 23 -- 2.3 Protocols 23 -- 2.3.1 IP 24 -- 2.3.2 TCP 24 -- 2.4 Building the Internet 26 -- 2.4.1 The Internet in Practice 26 -- 2.4.2 Design Philosophy 28 -- 2.4.3 Applications 28 -- 2.4.4 New Requirements and Recent History 29 -- 2.5 Further Reading and Summary 30 -- References 30 -- 2.5 Appendix 2A The IP Header 30 -- 2A.1 IETF Working Groups 32 -- 3 Wireless Networks 35 -- 3.1 Short History 36 -- 3.2 Types of Wireless Networks 39 -- 3.2.1 Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN): GSM 40 -- 3.2.2 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN): 802.11 46 -- 3.2.3 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN): Bluetooth 49 -- 3.3 Summary 52 -- References 52 -- 3.3 Appendix 3A Brief Introduction to Aspects of the Wireless Physical Layer 53 -- 4 Multimedia over IP 55 -- 4.1 Motivation 56 -- 4.1.1 Efficient Digital Voice Coding 56 -- 4.1.2 Support for Different Levels of Quality and Different Media 57 -- 4.1.3 Network and Service Integration 57 -- 4.1.4 Statistical Multiplexing 57 -- 4.1.5 Assessment 58 -- 4.2 Requirements 59 -- 4.2.1 QoS and Transport Requirements 59 -- 4.2.2 Coding Requirements 59 -- 4.2.3 Other Network Elements 60 -- 4.2.4 Signaling Requirements 63 -- 4.3 Issues and Challenges 63 -- 4.4 Transport Protocols 64 -- 4.4.1 TCP 64 -- 4.4.2 UDP 65 -- 4.4.3 RTP 65 -- 4.5 Wireless Multimedia over IP 68 -- 4.6 Summary 69 -- References 69 -- 5 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 71 -- 5.1 Requirements for Session Initiation 73.

5.1.1 Basic Requirements and Characteristics 73 -- 5.1.2 Additional Requirements 74 -- 5.2 Fundamentals of SIP 74 -- 5.2.1 Locating Other SIP Users 76 -- 5.2.2 SIP Registration 80 -- 5.2.3 Session Parameter Negotiation 81 -- 5.2.4 SIP for Telephony and PSTN Interworking 81 -- 5.3 Digging Deeper 82 -- 5.3.1 Requests 83 -- 5.3.2 Responses 83 -- 5.3.3 More on SIP Proxies 85 -- 5.4 SDP, Parameter, and QoS Negotiations 86 -- 5.4.1 SDP Design Philosophy 86 -- 5.4.2 Using SDP with SIP 86 -- 5.5 SIP in Wireless Networks 87 -- 5.6 Summary 87 -- References 88 -- 5.6 Appendix 5A Notation 88 -- 5A.1 ISUP Signaling 88 -- 6 Mobility Management 91 -- 6.1 A Network-Level Solution: Mobile IP 92 -- 6.1.1 The Problem Addressed 92 -- 6.1.2 Mobile IP 92 -- 6.2 Mobility Concepts 100 -- 6.2.1 Location Management and Handoffs 100 -- 6.2.2 Types of Mobility 101 -- 6.2.3 Layer 2 Versus Layer 3 Mobility 104 -- 6.3 Alternative IP Mobility Schemes 105 -- 6.3.1 SIP-Based Mobility 106 -- 6.3.2 Transport-Layer Approaches 107 -- 6.3.3 Dynamic DNS 108 -- 6.4 Micromobility and Fast Handoff 109 -- 6.4.1 Hierarchical Mobile IP 110 -- 6.4.2 Host-Based Routing Schemes 111 -- 6.4.3 802.11 WLAN 113 -- 6.4.4 GPRS 115 -- 6.4.5 Other Fast Handoff Approaches 115 -- 6.4.6 Reducing the Impact of Handoff Latency 116 -- 6.5 Summary 116 -- References 117 -- 7 QoS 119 -- 7.1 Introduction 119 -- 7.2 IP QoS: Mechanisms 120 -- 7.2.1 Introduction to IP QoS 120 -- 7.2.2 Scope and Outline 121 -- 7.2.3 Requirements 121 -- 7.2.4 Resource Reservation 122 -- 7.2.5 Admission Control 123 -- 7.2.6 Packet Classification and Marking 125 -- 7.2.7 Queuing Disciplines 125 -- 7.2.8 Traffic Shaping 127 -- 7.2.9 Policing 129 -- 7.2.10 Routing Control and Traffic Engineering 130 -- 7.3 IP QoS Frameworks 131 -- 7.3.1 IntServ 132 -- 7.3.2 DiffServ 133 -- 7.4 QoS in Wireless Networks 135 -- 7.4.1 WLAN QoS Support 135.

7.4.2 QoS and Mobility 139 -- 7.5 Summary 140 -- References 141 -- 8 Network Security 143 -- 8.1 Introduction 143 -- 8.1.1 Requirements 144 -- 8.1.2 Solutions 146 -- 8.2 IP Security 148 -- 8.2.1 The Need for Security 148 -- 8.2.2 IPsec 151 -- 8.3 Security in Wireless Networks 152 -- 8.3.1 WLAN Security 153 -- 8.3.2 GSM Security 154 -- 8.3.3 Security and Mobile IP 157 -- 8.4 Summary 161 -- References 161 -- 9 IPv6 163 -- 9.1 IPv6 Design Considerations 163 -- 9.1.1 Shortcomings of IPv4 164 -- 9.1.2 Other Desirable Features 165 -- 9.2 IPv6 Feature Overview 165 -- 9.2.1 Implications of Larger Address Space 166 -- 9.2.2 Addressing 168 -- 9.2.3 Coexistence of IPv4 and IPv6 170 -- 9.3 IPv6 Selected Procedures 170 -- 9.3.1 Header Processing 170 -- 9.3.2 Address Autoconfiguration 171 -- 9.3.3 Neighbor Discovery 173 -- 9.4 IPv6 and Wireless 175 -- 9.4.1 Mobile IPv6 175 -- 9.4.2 Security Issues in MIPv6 178 -- 9.5 Summary 179 -- References 179 -- 10 Services and Applications 181 -- 10.1 IP Connectivity or More? 181 -- 10.2 MiddlewareŠOpen Service Access 183 -- 10.2.1 How OSA Works 184 -- 10.3 Wireless Device ServiceŒEnabling Technologies 185 -- 10.4 Applications of the Future 187 -- 10.4.1 Location-Based Services 188 -- 10.4.2 Presence 188 -- 10.5 Summary 188 -- References 189 -- 11 Evolution from GSM to UMTS 191 -- 11.1 From GSM to GPRS 192 -- 11.1.1 Overview 192 -- 11.1.2 More Details 193 -- 11.1.3 GPRS and Mobility 196 -- 11.1.4 GPRS and QoS 198 -- 11.1.5 GPRS and Security 199 -- 11.1.6 GPRS and Wireless IP 200 -- 11.2 Moving Towards 3G 200 -- 11.3 UMTS 203 -- 11.3.1 QoS 203 -- 11.3.2 Security 207 -- 11.3.3 Different Releases 208 -- 11.3.4 Comparison with cdma2000 Development 210 -- 11.4 Summary 212 -- References 212 -- 12 The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 213 -- 12.1 Motivations and Requirements 213 -- 12.1.1 Using SIP 215 -- 12.1.2 Other Requirements 217.

12.2 IMS Architecture 218 -- 12.2.1 Relationship with GPRS 219 -- 12.2.2 Network Elements 220 -- 12.3 IMS Procedures 221 -- 12.3.1 Registration 221 -- 12.3.2 Basic Wireless-to-Wireless Call 223 -- 12.3.3 Changes for Roaming Caller or Roaming Called Party 225 -- 12.3.4 Changes for Wired Caller or Wired Called Party 225 -- 12.4 Summary 227 -- References 228 -- 13 Future Possibilities 229 -- 13.1 What Is 4G? 229 -- 13.2 Technology Projections 231 -- 13.3 A Complete Redesign or an Evolution? 231 -- 13.3.1 The 4G Revolution Based on 802.11 WLAN 232 -- 13.3.2 The 4G Evolution Based on Improvements to 3G 232 -- 13.3.3 The 4G Revolution Based on New Wireless Technologies 233 -- 13.3.4 The 4G Evolution and Revolution Based on Heterogeneous Network Integration 235 -- 13.4 A Transformation of Wireless IP Devices 236 -- 13.5 Summary and Conclusions 237 -- References 238 -- About the Author 239 -- Index 241 -- Mobile Communications Library.