Research and evidence about blood sparing in spine surgery -- Review -- Blood loss in adult spinal surgery -- Blood Loss in pediatric spine surgery -- An overview of blood-sparing techniques used in spine surgery during the perioperative period -- What is the evidence for using hemostatic agents in surgery? -- Pre-operative Measures to Reduce Blood Loss -- Predeposit autologous donation in spinal surgery: a multicentre study -- Preoperative erythropoietin in spine surgery -- Peri-operative Measures to Reduce Blood Loss -- Positioning on surgical table -- Aprotinin and major orthopedic surgery -- Tranexamic acid for major spinal surgery -- Controlled hypotension for spinal surgery -- Acute normovolemic hemodilution -- Hemoglobin substitutes -- The use of recombinant activated coagulation factor VII for spine surgery -- The use of local agents: bone wax, gelatin, collagen, oxidized cellulose -- The use of fibrin sealants in spinal surgery -- Technical Note -- The use of local agents: surgicel and surgifoam -- A new simplified technique for producing platelet-rich plasma: a short technical note -- Post-operative Measures to Reduce Blood Loss -- Transfusion of post-operative shed blood: laboratory characteristics and clinical utility.