Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Overview -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Background -- Objectives -- Target Audience -- Methodology -- Outline of the Study -- Survey Participants -- Developments since the Survey -- FATF Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- PART 1 How Remittance Markets Operate -- Chapter 1 Overview of Remittances Market Business Models and Agent Networks -- A Range of Remittance Service Providers -- Principal RSPs -- Types of Remittance Agents -- Business Models of International MTOs -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Risks Associated with Remittance Transactions -- How Vulnerable Are Remittance Channels to ML/FT Risks? -- Regulatory and Supervisory Challenges -- Risk Mitigation Measures for Remittance Markets -- Notes -- References -- PART 2 Regulating and Supervising the Remittance Markets -- Chapter 3 Regulatory Frameworks for Money Transfer Businesses -- Introduction -- International Standards and Principles Governing MTBs -- Main Laws and Regulations Establishing and Governing Remittance Services -- Implementation of AML/CFT Requirements -- CDD Requirements -- Failure to Implement AML/CFT Requirements -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Regulating Market Entry for Money Transfer Businesses -- Registration vs. Licensing Regimes for Principal MTBs -- Survey Findings: Registration vs. Licensing Regimes of Principal MTBs -- Processing Time for Granting Permission to Operate an MTB -- Prohibition of Unauthorized Remittance Services -- Sanctions against Unauthorized Operations -- Preconditions for Licensing or Registration -- Licensing, Registration, or List Approach for Agents -- Shifting Informal Remittance Service Providers to Be Formal Providers -- Notes -- Reference -- Chapter 5 Supervisory Frameworks for Money Transfer Businesses.

Supervisory Framework -- Regulatory and Supervisory Authorities -- On-Site Inspections -- Off-Site Supervision and Monitoring -- Training of Supervisors -- Revocation Powers -- Risk-Based Approach to Supervision of MTBs -- Cross-Border Supervisory Cooperation -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6 Broader Policy Conclusions for Enabling the Promotion of Financial Inclusion while Achieving Financial Integrity -- Key Policy Objectives for Achieving Financial Integrity and Financial Inclusion for the Remittance Sector -- Key Policy Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Appendix A Remittance Regulatory Survey -- Appendix B Source Tables -- Appendix C An Example of an ML/FT Risk Assessment Tool for Remittances -- Appendix D New Remittance Transfer Mechanisms -- Appendix E Private Sector Adaptation Leading to Greater Financial Inclusion -- Appendix F Latest Financial Action Task Force Recommendations -- Appendix G General Principles for International Remittance Services -- Appendix H FATF Recommendations Relevant to Remittance Services -- Appendix I Tip Sheet for Regulation and Supervision of Remittance Market -- Appendix J Balancing Financial Integrity and Financial Inclusion -- Glossary -- Boxes -- Figures -- Map -- Tables -- Backcover.