Basic Principles -- Mobilization of Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitors -- Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide in Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitor Cell Mobilization -- Immune Plasticity of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells -- Bone Marrow-Derived Cells: The Influence of Aging and Cellular Senescence -- Involvement of Marrow-Derived Endothelial Cells in Vascularization -- Therapeutic Implication and Clinical Experience -- Comparison of Intracardiac Cell Transplantation: Autologous Skeletal Myoblasts Versus Bone Marrow Cells -- Ischemic Tissue Repair by Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells: Scientific Basis and Preclinical Data -- Cell Therapy and Gene Therapy Using Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Vascular Regeneration -- Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiac Regenerative Therapy -- Autotransplantation of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells as a Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases -- Stem Cells as a Treatment for Chronic Liver Disease and Diabetes -- The Participation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tumor Stroma Formation and Their Application as Targeted-Gene Delivery Vehicles.