1 Introduction -- 2 Aspects Of Software Measurement -- 2.1 Terminology -- 2.2 Classes Of Software Measures -- 2.3 Why Software Engineering Measurement? -- 2.4 Measurement In Physics Versus Software Engineering Measurement -- 2.5 Models Of Software -- 2.6 Definition Of Some Basic Measures -- 2.7 Problems Of (Software) Measurement -- 2.8 Open Questions -- 2.9 Exercises -- 3 History Of Software Measurement -- 3.1 Groundwork Of Software Measurement -- 3.2 Software Design Measurement -- 3.3 Cost, Effort And Size Estimation Measures -- 3.4 Standards In The Area Of Software Measurement -- 3.5 Goal-Question-Metric Paradigm, User-View And Viewpoints -- 3.6 Measurement Theory And Software Measures -- 3.7 European Software Measurement Projects -- 3.8 Software Measurement In Germany -- 3.9 Research In The Area Of Software Measurement In North America -- 3.10 Research In The Area Of Software Measurement In Japan -- 3.11 Software Measurement In Australia -- 3.12 Desirable Properties For Software Measures -- 3.13 Validation Of Software Measures And Prediction Models -- 3.14 Software Measures In An Object-Oriented Environment -- 3.15 Data Dependency Measurement -- 3.16 Entropy Measures -- 3.17 Software Measures For Distributed Systems -- 3.18 Neuronal Networks And Software Measures -- 3.19 Software Measurement Tools -- 3.20 Software Measures And Reengineering -- 3.21 Software Measures And Reuse -- 3.22 Iso 9000-3 Standards And Software Measurement -- 3.23 Cognitive Processes And Measures -- 3.24 Current State Of Software Measurement -- 3.25 Exercises -- 4 Foundations Of Software Measurement I -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Objectives Of Measurement Theory In The Software Measurement Area -- 4.3 Normative And Descriptive Approach Of Measurement -- 4.4 What Is Measurement? -- 4.5 Fundamental And Derived Measurement -- 4.6 Measurement Process.

4.7 Reasons For Empirical Interpretations -- 4.8 Basic Concepts Of Measurement Theory -- 4.9 Additive Homomorphism And Concatenation Operations -- 4.10 Extensive Structures -- 4.11 Scales And Scale Types -- 4.12 Meaningfulness -- 4.13 Axiom Systems And Measurement Scales -- 4.14 Exercises -- 5 Foundations Of Software Measurement Ii -- 5.1 Extensive Structures And Applications To Software Measurement -- 5.2 Measurement Scales And Software Measures -- 5.3 Interpretation Of Numbers And Hypotheses About Reality -- 5.4 Combination Rules And Independence Conditions -- 5.5 Combination Rules Of Measures -- 5.6 Calibration Of Software Measures -- 5.7 Conversion Rules -- 5.8 Scale Types Of Counting, Money And Time -- 5.9 Normalization Of Measures -- 5.10 The Informationflow Measure And Scale Types -- 5.11 Types Of Measures -- 5.12 Alternative Axiom Systems For The Interval And Ratio Scales -- 5.13 Summary Of Scales And Scale Types -- 5.14 Scales On Programs And Scales On Flowgraphs -- 5.15 Units And Software Measurement -- 5.16 Framework Of Software Measurement -- 5.17 Exercises -- 6 Measurement Theory And Object-Oriented Software Measures -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Object-Oriented Programming And Measurement -- 6.3 Classification Of Object-Oriented Software Measures -- 6.4 Illustration Of The Behavior Of Object-Oriented Software Measures -- 6.5 Concatenation Operations For Object-Oriented Programs -- 6.6 Belief Structures -- 6.7 Modified Function Of Belief And Modified Relation Of Belief -- 6.8 Applications To Object-Oriented Measures -- 6.9 Ranking Properties Of Object-Oriented Software Measures -- 6.10 Summary Of Object-Oriented Software Measures -- 6.11 Exercises -- 7 Desirable Properties Of Software Measures -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Required Properties By Bache -- 7.3 Required Properties Of Measures By Conte Et Al -- 7.4 Size Measures.

7.5 Validation Criteria Of Ieee Standard 1061 For Software Measures -- 7.6 Required Properties Of Software Complexity Measures By Basili And Reiter -- 7.7 Desirable Attributes Of Effective Measures By Ejiogu -- 7.8 Required Properties Of Software Complexity Measures By Fenton -- 7.9 Required Properties Of Jones -- 7.10 Required Properties Of Software Complexity Measures By Kearney Et Al -- 7.11 Required Properties For Software Measures By Shepperd And Ince -- 7.12 Weyuker'S Properties -- 7.13 Required Properties By Lakshmanan Et Al -- 7.14 Desired Properties By Watts -- 7.15 Summary Of Desirable Properties -- 7.16 Zuse'S Requirements For Software Measures -- 7.17 Ordinal Or Ratio Scales For Software Measurement? -- 7.18 Exercises -- 8 Validation Of Software Measures And Prediction Models -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Terminology -- 8.3 Misunderstanding Of Validation And Prediction -- 8.4 Some Results Of Prediction Experiments In Literature -- 8.5 Internal And External Attributes -- 8.6 Correlation Coefficients And Prediction I -- 8.7 Internal Validation Of Software Measures -- 8.8 External Validation Of Software Measures -- 8.9 Prediction - Theorems And Proofs -- 8.10 Relationship Of Complexity And Effort In Time -- 8.11 Validation Of The Measure Information Flow -- 8.12 Correlation Coefficients And Prediction Ii -- 8.13 Simple Measures For Prediction? -- 8.14 Software Quality Attributes Derived From External Variables -- 8.15 Summary Of Validation And Prediction -- 8.16 Exercises -- 9 Applications Of Software Measures -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Application Of Software Measures To Real Existing Software Systems -- 9.3 The Software Life-Cycle And Software Measurement -- 9.4 Iso 9000-3 Norm And Software Measurement -- 9.5 Mostly Used Measures In Industry -- 9.6 The Function-Point Method -- 9.7 The Cocomo Models And Deviations.

9.8 Maintainability Characteristics Of A Final Product -- 9.9 Basic Measures For Structure Charts -- 9.10 The Measure Information Flow Of Henry And Kafura -- 9.11 Measures Of Bowles -- 9.12 Measures For The Coding Phase -- 9.13 Measures For Cohesion -- 9.14 Measures For The Testing Phase -- 9.15 Measures For The Software Maintenance Phase -- 9.16 Document Quality -- 9.17 Measure For Object-Oriented Programming -- 9.18 Summary Of Software Measurement In The Software Life-Cycle -- 9.19 Exercises -- 10 Afterword -- 11 Solutions Of Exercises -- 11.1 Solutions For Chapter 2 -- 11.2 Solutions For Chapter 3 -- 11.3 Solutions For Chapter 4 -- 11.4 Solutions For Chapter 5 -- 11.5 Solutions For Chapter 6 -- 11.6 Solutions For Chapter 7 -- 11.7 Solutions For Chapter 8 -- 11.8 Solutions For Chapter 9 -- 12 Glossary Of Terms And Terms Used As Synonyms -- 12.1 Terms Used As Synonyms -- 12.2 Glossary Of Terms -- Attachment I: The System Zd-Mis -- Attachment Ii: Proof Of The Equivalence Of Extensive Structures -- Attachment Iii: Proof Of The Theorems Of Chapter 8 -- Attachment Iv: Proof Of The Theorems Of Chapter 5 -- Attachment V: Notations And Used Symbols -- Attachment Vi: Axioms Systems -- Definitions -- Theorems -- Exercises -- References To Literature -- Name Index -- Subject Index.