Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1 What is a healthy village? -- 1.2 Structure of the guide -- 1.3 Using the guide and setting priorities -- Chapter 2. Achieving good health -- 2.1 Factors that influence health -- 2.1.1 Environment -- 2.1.2 Awareness of health issues -- 2.1.3 Personal hygiene -- 2.1.4 Health care -- 2.1.5 Faecal-oral diseases -- 2.1.6 Vector-borne diseases -- 2.2 Identifying health problems and establishing priorities -- 2.2.1 Assessing community perceptions about health -- 2.2.2 Identifying causes of health problems -- 2.3 Using the information -- Chapter 3. Water -- 3.1 Providing community water supplies -- 3.2 Types of water sources -- 3.2.1 Protected springs -- 3.2.2 Dug wells -- 3.2.3 Boreholes -- 3.2.4 Piped water supply -- 3.2.5 Rainwater harvesting -- 3.2.6 Ponds, lakes and water treatment -- 3.3 Household water treatment -- 3.3.1 Boiling -- 3.3.2 Canvas filters -- 3.3.3 Candle filters -- 3.3.4 Disinfection -- 3.3.5 Settling -- 3.4 Safe handling of water -- 3.5 Monitoring water quality -- 3.5.1 Microbial quality -- 3.5.2 Sanitary inspection -- 3.5.3 Chemical quality -- 3.6 Managing community water resources -- 3.6.1 Preventing over-pumping of groundwater -- 3.6.2 Water conservation -- 3.6.3 Managing water for agriculture -- Chapter 4. Excreta disposal -- 4.1 Technologies for excreta disposal -- 4.1.1 Cartage -- 4.1.2 Pit latrines -- 4.1.3 Septic tanks -- 4.1.4 Aquaprivies -- 4.1.5 Sewerage systems -- 4.2 Sewage treatment and reuse -- 4.2.1 Stabilization ponds -- 4.2.2 Wastewater and sludge reuse -- Chapter 5. Drainage -- 5.1 Problems caused by poor drainage -- 5.2 Methods for improving drainage -- 5.2.1 Stormwater drains -- 5.2.2 Sullage disposal methods -- 5.2.3 Combined drains -- 5.2.4 Buried drains and combined sewers -- Chapter 6. Solid waste management and chemical safety.

6.1 Strategies for solid waste management: minimizing waste and recycling -- 6.2 Managing solid waste in households -- 6.2.1 Composting -- 6.2.2 Turning organic waste into fuel -- 6.3 Managing solid waste in the community -- 6.3.1 Communal refuse pit -- 6.3.2 Communal collection -- 6.4 Managing special solid wastes -- 6.4.1 Health care solid wastes -- 6.4.2 Slaughterhouse solid wastes -- 6.4.3 Industrial solid wastes -- 6.5 Chemical safety -- 6.5.1 Storage of toxic chemicals -- 6.5.2 Handling toxic chemicals -- 6.5.3 Chemicals in the home -- 6.5.4 Disposal of toxic chemicals -- Chapter 7. Housing quality -- 7.1 Ventilation -- 7.2 Lighting -- 7.3 Disease vectors in the home -- 7.4 Overcrowding in homes -- Chapter 8. Personal, domestic and community hygiene -- 8.1 Personal and domestic hygiene -- 8.1.1 Handwashing -- 8.1.2 Bathing -- 8.1.3 Laundering -- 8.2 Community hygiene -- 8.2.1 Markets -- 8.2.2 Animal rearing -- 8.3 Food hygiene -- 8.3.1 Food preparation in the home -- 8.3.2 Eating-houses -- 8.3.3 Street food-vendors -- 8.3.4 Promoting nutrition -- Chapter 9. Promoting hygiene -- 9.1 Assessing hygiene practices -- 9.2 Planning hygiene promotion projects -- 9.3 Implementing hygiene promotion projects -- 9.3.1 Building community capacity -- 9.3.2 Organizing groups and committees -- 9.3.3 Situation analysis -- 9.3.4 Communication and education -- 9.4 Monitoring and evaluating hygiene projects -- 9.4.1 Deciding what information is needed -- 9.4.2 Selecting project investigators -- 9.4.3 Selecting tools for collecting information -- 9.4.4 Reviewing project findings -- 9.4.5 Feedback and dissemination of findings -- Chapter 10. Providing health care -- 10.1 Establishing community health care programmes -- 10.2 Factors that influence the type of health care that people seek -- 10.3 Encouraging and sustaining the use of health services.

10.4 Immunization of children -- 10.4.1 Overcoming barriers to immunization -- 10.4.2 Making immunization safe -- 10.5 Groups with special health care needs -- 10.5.1 Pregnant women and infants -- 10.5.2 The elderly -- 10.6 Risky behaviour -- 10.6.1 Changing risky behaviour -- 10.6.2 Health education -- 10.7 Mental health problems, learning difficulties and epilepsy -- 10.7.1 Mental health problems -- 10.7.2 Learning difficulties -- 10.7.3 Epilepsy -- 10.7.4 Social inclusion -- Chapter 11. Establishing committees for implementing Healthy Villages programmes -- 11.1 The role of local community committees in Healthy Villages programmes -- 11.1.1 Composition of a Healthy Villages committee -- 11.1.2 Transparency and accountability -- 11.2 The role of local government committees in Healthy Villages programmes -- 11.2.1 Funding and accountability -- 11.2.2 Technical advice and support -- 11.3 The role of national committees and coordinators in Healthy Villages programmes -- Annex 1. Organizations supporting Healthy Villages initiatives -- Annex 2. Books and manuals providing further advice.