Content -- Preface -- Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Objective of the Report -- 1.3 Contents of the Report -- 2. Auctioning -- 2.1 Background -- 2.2 Auctioning formats -- 2.3 Pros and cons of different schedules for auctioning -- 2.4 EU wide auctioning vs. national auctioning -- 3. Emission thresholds -- 3.1 Background -- 3.3 Impact on sectors -- 3.3.1 Combustion installations -- 3.3.2 Metal industry -- 3.3.3 Pulp and paper -- 3.3.4 Oil refineries -- 3.3.5 Cement and lime -- 3.3.6 Bricks, ceramics and glass -- 3.3.7 Installations in the Norwegian scheme -- 3.4 Conclusions -- 4. Cost of participating in the EU ETS -- 4.1 Background -- 4.2 Costs of obtaining emission allowances -- 4.3 Monitoring and reporting related costs -- 4.4 Portfolio management and trading related costs -- 4.5 Effect of pooling on costs -- 4.6 Conclusions -- 5. District heating network, alternatives -- 5.1 Background -- 5.2 Pooling -- 5.3 District heating network as a single installation -- 5.4 Conclusions -- 6. General conclusions -- References -- Sammendrag -- Aktion av utsläppsrätter -- Utsläppskvoter -- Kostnader för deltagande i EU: s utsläppshandelssystem -- Appendix 1, Auction summary -- Appendix 2, Emissions and sectors -- Appendix 3, Nordic installations -- Appendix 4, Questionnaire on the costs of participating in the EU ETS -- Cover Letter: -- Questions -- Abbreviations.