Preface -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Part One: Historical Ethnography -- Chapter One: Old Calabar -- 1.1 Background to Calabar -- 1.2 Traditional religion -- Chapter Two: Missionary Beginnings -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Early Christian contacts -- 2.3 Early religious pluralization -- 2.4 Roman Catholic Mission -- 2.5 Wesleyan Methodists -- 2.6 Lutheran Church -- 2.7 Qua Iboe Mission -- 2.8 Presbyterian developments -- Chapter Three: Religious Pluralization -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The heyday of Calabar: 1910-1929 -- 3.3 The witchcraft scare: 1930-39 -- 3.4 World War II and its effect on Calabar: 1940-1949 -- 3.5 Political independence approaches: 1950-1959 -- 3.6 Independence and civil war: 1960-1969 -- 3.7 The post-civil war revival: 1970-1974 -- 3.8 The "oil boom" churches: 1975-1979 -- 3.9 Concluding remarks -- Part Two: Contemporary Religion -- Chapter Four: Non-Indigenous and Institutional Religion -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 From mission to mainline churches - and after -- 4.3 Islam -- 4.4 Exogenous religious institutions -- Chapter Five: Indigenous and Institutional Religion -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Traditional religion -- 5.3 Spiritual self-determination - the hallmark of the new churches -- 5.4 New trends and developments -- 5.5 Concluding remarks -- Chapter Six: Institutional Distribution -- 6.1 The religious mapping of Calabar -- 6.2 Concluding remarks -- Chapter Seven: Institutional Interaction -- 7.1 Interaction and interdependence -- 7.2 Conferences, councils and chaplaincies -- 7.3 Non-denominational revivals and crusades -- 7.4 The Bible and music as common denominators -- 7.5 Civic interaction -- 7.6 Negotiations and affiliations -- 7.7 Negative interaction -- 7.8 Concluding remarks -- Chapter Eight: Popular Religion -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The human condition -- 8.3 "Why die in silence?".

8.4 Power and protection -- 8.5 Festivals -- 8.6 Freelance evangelism -- 8.7 Music -- 8.8 Spiritual experience -- 8.9 Names and mottoes -- 8.10 A kaleidoscope of religious activity -- Chapter Nine: Religion in the Media -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Newspaper religion -- 9.3 Television religion -- 9.4 Radio religion -- 9.5 Concluding remarks -- Chapter Ten: Unity in Diversity: Themes and Developments in Calabar Religion -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Religion as transformative power -- 10.3 Religion as sustaining force -- 10.4 Spiritualization -- 10.5 Institutionalization -- 10.6 Secularization -- 10.7 Privatization -- 10.8 Religious self-determination -- 10.9 Homogenization -- 10.10 Religious conversion and mobility -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1: Methods -- Appendix 2: Chronology -- Appendix 3: Data File on the Religious Institutions of Calabar -- Bibliography -- Primary Sources -- Books and Articles Relating to Calabar -- Comparative and Theoretical Works -- Index.