PUTTING BIOTECHNOLOGY TO WORK BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING AND GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS -- OPPORTUNITIES -- NEEDS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- A PLAN FOR ACTION -- Human-Resources Development -- Assessing Developments Abroad -- Cross-disciplinary Research -- Promoting Awareness of Importance of Manufacturing Technology -- Competitive-Grants Program -- Role of National Laboratories and Research Centers -- Bioprocessing for Cleanup of Environmental Hazards -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 BIOTECHNOLOGY: THE CHALLENGE OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY -- 1.2 WHAT IS BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING? -- 1.3 THE COMMITTEE'S APPROACH -- 1.4 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY -- 1.5 ROLE OF BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING -- 1.6 BARRIERS TO EXPLOITATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY -- 2 The Challenge -- 2.1 TRANSLATING SCIENCE INTO PRODUCTS -- 2.2 BIOPHARMACEUTICALS -- 2.2.1 New Technology Required for Biopharmaceuticals -- 2.2.2 Bioprocess Engineering Requires Many Disciplines -- 2.2.3 Opportunities -- 2.3 THE ENVIRONMENT -- 2.4 CONVERSION OF RENEWABLE AND NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES -- 2.4.1 Renewable Resources -- 2.4.2 Nonrenewable Resources -- 2.4.3 Coupled Synthesis Gas -- 2.4.4 Enhanced Oil Recovery -- 2.4.5 Opportunities -- 2.5 SPACE -- 2.6 BIOTECHNOLOGY-RESEARCH INITIATIVE GIVEN BY FEDERAL COORDINATING COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY (FCCSET) -- 2.7 SUMMARY -- 2.8 REFERENCES -- 3 Benchmarking: Status of U.S. Bioprocessing and Biotechnology -- 3.1 BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING IN JAPAN -- 3.1.1 Education and Training -- 3.1.2 University-Industry Cooperation -- 3.1.3 Scientific and Technological Information-Gathering -- 3.1.4 Summary of Comparison With United States -- 3.2 BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING IN GERMANY AND EUROPE -- 3.2.1 Education -- 3.2.2 University Research in Germany -- 3.3 BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING IN UNITED STATES.

3.3.1 Education and Training -- 3.3.2 Government Initiative and Support -- 3.4 SUMMARY -- 3.5 REFERENCES -- 4 Current Bioprocess Technology, Products, and Opportunities -- 4.1 BIOPHARMACEUTICALS -- 4.1.1 Proteins from Recombinant Microorganisms -- 4.1.2 Inclusion Bodies -- 4.1.3 Mammalian Host Systems -- 4.1.4 Other Hosts for Heterologous Gene Expression -- 4.1.5 Isolation and Purification -- 4.1.6 Protein Engineering -- 4.1.7 Glycobiology -- 4.1.8 Metabolic Engineering -- 4.1.9 Polymerase Chain Reaction -- 4.1.10 Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody Engineering -- 4.1.11 Transgenic Animals -- 4.1.12 Product Formulation -- 4.1.13 Research Needs -- 4.2 SPECIALTY BIOPRODUCTS AND INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS -- 4.2.1 Enzyme Technology and Specialty Bioproducts -- 4.2.2 Biopesticides -- 4.2.3 Microalgae and New Chemicals -- 4.2.4 Plant-Cell Tissue Culture -- 4.2.5 Research Needs and Opportunities -- 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS -- 4.3.1 Bioremediation -- 4.3.2 Point-of-Source Biocontrol -- 4.3.3 Agriculture -- 4.3.4 Mining -- 4.3.5 Microbial-Enhanced Oil Recovery -- 4.3.6 Research Needs and Opportunities -- 4.4 REFERENCES -- 5 Needs: What Must Be Done to Meet the Challenges -- 5.1 EDUCATION AND TRAINING -- 5.1.1 Science-Engineering Interface -- 5.1.2 Multidisciplinary Team Research -- 5.1.3 Industry-University Interface -- 5.1.4 Bioprocess Equipment Engineers -- 5.1.5 Diversification and Specialized Training -- 5.1.6 Curriculum Development -- 5.2 RESEARCH -- 5.3 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- 5.3.1 University-Industry Relationships -- 5.3.2 International Exploitation -- 5.4 REFERENCES -- 6 The Future -- 6.1 OPPORTUNITIES -- 6.1.1 Biopharmaceuticals and Biopesticides from Insect Cell-Baculovirus System -- 6.1.2 Gene-Based Pharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy -- 6.1.3 New Catalysts -- 6.1.4 Cells, Organs, and Biomaterials -- 6.1.5 Transgenic Animals -- 6.1.6 Transgenic Plants.

6.1.7 Nontraditional Organisms -- 6.1.8 Energy and Renewable Resources -- 6.1.9 Agricultural Chemicals and Food -- 6.1.10 Plant-Cell Culture -- 6.1.11 Plants and Seeds -- 6.1.12 The Environment -- 6.1.13 Space -- 6.2 DEFENSE AND NATIONAL SECURITY -- 6.2.1 Cleanup -- 6.2.2 Chemical and Biological Warfare -- 6.2.3 Stabilization of Developing Countries -- 6.3 NEEDS -- 6.3.1 Education and Training -- 6.3.2 Technology -- 6.3.3 Manufacturing -- 6.4 RECOMMENDATIONS -- 6.5 REFERENCES -- Bibliography -- Appendix A Biographical Sketches of Committee Members -- Appendix B Invited Speakers at Committee Meetings -- Index.