1 Pteridines -- 1.1 Historical remarks -- 1.2 Occurrence -- 1.3 Biosynthesis -- 1.4 Biochemical functions -- References -- 2 Neopterin -- 2.1 Chemical characteristics -- 2.2 Catabolism -- 2.3 Biochemical and physiological relevance -- References -- 3 Measurement of Neopterin -- 3.1 Historical remarks -- 3.2 Measurement by reversed phase HPLC without pretreatment of samples -- 3.3 Measurement of neopterin by reversed phase HPLC with on-line deproteinization -- 3.4 Measurement of neopterin by immunoassays -- References -- 4 Normal Ranges of Neopterin Concentrations in Various Body Fluids -- 4.1 Normal ranges of neopterin concentrations in urine -- 4.2 Normal ranges of neopterin concentrations in serum -- 4.3 Normal ranges of neopterin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid -- 4.4 Normal ranges of neopterin concentrations in synovial fluid -- 4.5 Normal ranges of neopterin concentrations in saliva -- 4.6 Discussion -- References -- 5 Biosynthesis of Pteridines and the Human Immune System -- 5.1 Immunological activation and cytokines -- 5.2 Cytokines and pteridine biosynthesis -- 5.3 Inducers of pteridine synthesis in human cells -- 5.4 Cell culture techniques -- 5.5 Determination of pteridines in cell homogenates and supernatants -- 5.6 Enzyme activities of pteridine synthesis in cell extracts -- 5.7 Biological significance of cytokine-induced pteridine synthesis -- References -- 6 Neopterin in Organ Transplantation -- 6.1 Renal transplantation -- 6.2 Transplantation of solid organs other than kidney -- 6.3 Transplantation of bone marrow -- References -- 7 Neopterin in Autoimmune Diseases and Related Inflammatory Disorders -- 7.1 Neopterin in rheumatoid arthritis -- 7.2 Neopterin in inflammatory bowel diseases -- 7.3 Neopterin in autoimmune diabetes -- 7.4 Neopterin in autoimmune diseases of the thyroid.

7.5 Neopterin in systemic lupus erythematosus -- 7.6 Neopterin in multiple sclerosis -- 7.7 Neopterin in sarcoidosis -- 7.8 Neopterin in celiac disease -- References -- 8 Neopterin in Malignant Diseases -- 8.1 Hematological malignancies -- 8.2 Gynecological malignancies -- 8.3 Malignancies of the urogenital tract -- 8.4 Lung cancer -- 8.5 Gastrointestinal, pancreatic and hepatic cancer -- 8.6 Breast cancer -- 8.7 Cancers of the head and neck region -- 8.8 Malignant melanoma -- 8.9 Neopterin in malignant diseases - a summary -- References -- 9 Neopterin in Infectious Diseases -- 9.1 Infections by viruses -- 9.2 Neopterin during infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) -- 9.3 Infections by intracellular protozoa -- 9.4 Infections by bacteria -- 9.5 Neopterin during sepsis and trauma -- References -- 10 Monitoring of Immunostimulatory Therapy -- References -- 11 Neopterin in Transfusion Medicine -- References -- Appendix -- References -- Subject Index.