FOREWORD ; PREFACE ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ; CONFLICT OF INTEREST; Background Introduction ; The Ultimate Frontier of Knowledge: the Myster-ious Genomes and the Gene Expression and Regul-ation in the Upstream of Biological Information Flow ; INTRODUCTION; MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION MOLECULES; THE STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION MOLECULES AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL; DNA is the Most Magnificent Molecule Selected By Evolution ; DNA Packaging; Nucleosome; GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION IN THE EUKARYOTIC SYSTEM.

A. ATP-Dependent and ATP-Independent Chromatin Remodeling EnzymeB. X Chromosome Inactivation; C. Pathway Flow from Extracellular Signal to the Nucleus; D. TFs, Motifs, and DNA-Protein Interaction; E. Transcription Factories (TFs); F. Epigenetic Modifications; G. Alternative Splicing; H. MicroRNA (miRNA); THE BOTTOM LINE; REFERENCES; Evolution of DNA Sequencing Technologies ; INTRODUCTION; CHARACTERISTICS OF DNA SEQUENCING; ADVANCES IN SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES; MANUAL SANGER SEQUENCING; AUTOMATED SANGER SEQUENCING ; KEY CHANGES FROM MANUAL TO AUTOMATED SANGER SEQUE-NCING.

THE NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING SINGLE MOLECULE SEQUENCING; REFERENCES; Mechanisms of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) ; INTRODUCTION; Changes Made From Automated Sanger Sequencing to Next-Gen Sequencing; In situ PCR for Clonal Amplification of Templates; NGS Sequencing Mechanisms; I. Sequencing-By-Synthesis; Solexa Sequencers Manufactured By Illumina -- HiSeq 2000 as an Example (Fig. 1); Sequencing Library Preparation ; 454 Sequencers By Roche ; Sequencing Library Preparation; Sequencing-By-Synthesis on Picotiter Plate.

II. Sequencing By Ligation: SOLiD Sequencers (Fig. 8) Manufactured By Life Technologies Inc. REFERENCES; Genome Assembly, the Genomic Era and the Rise of the Omics Era ; INTRODUCTION; PART I. REVIEW OF THE STRATEGIES EMPLOYED FOR GENOME ASSEMBLY; Technological impacts on genome assembly; Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS); Oligo-mediated technologies ; PART II. THE GENOMIC ERA; The Human Genome Project; Genomic Era; Post Genomic Era; KEY EVENTS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENOMIC ERA ; GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR RESEQUENCING; ADVANTAGES OF DIRECT MAPPING AGAINST A REFERENCE (NORMAL) GENOME.

PART III. THE RISE OF THE OMICS ERAThe Omics Era; REFERENCES; Application of DNA Sequencing in Biological Investigations ; Laboratory Setup and Fundamental Works ; INTRODUCTION; I. WETLAB; Setting up a Wetlab; Protocols to Use; II. DRYLAB ; Setting Up a Drylab; Sequence Data Processing; Methods Used for Sequence Data Processing and Analysis; REFERENCES; Sequencing Libraries and Basic Procedure for Sequencing Library Construction ; INTRODUCTION; CLASSIFICATION OF SEQUENCING LIBRARIES; GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR SEQUENCING LIBRARY CONSTRUCTION.