TABLE OF CONTENTS -- TRANSLATOR'S INTRODUCTION -- WILLIAM OF SHERWOOD'S INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER I. 'EVERY' OR 'ALL' (OMNIS) -- 1. The Signification of 'Every' or 'All' -- 2. Specific and Numerical Parts -- 3. 'Every' or 'All' Taken Properly and Taken Commonly -- 4. Proximate and Remote Parts -- 5. The Rule of Three -- 6. A Doubt Regarding the Rule of Three -- 7. 'Every' or 'All' Attached to a Discrete Term -- 8. 'Every' or 'All' Added to a Common Term Known to Have Exactly One Appellatum -- 9. 'Every' or 'All' Added to a Predicate -- 10. 'Every' or 'All' Added to a Term Involving a Clause or Phrase -- 11. 'Another' within the Scope of 'Every' or 'All' -- 12. 'When' within the Scope of 'Every' or 'All' -- 13. The Effect of the Location of 'Every' or 'All' on Supposition -- 14. An Illicit Transformation of a Quale Quid into a Hoc Aliquid -- 15. Another Example of Such Illicit Transformation -- 16. 'Himself within the Scope of 'Every' or 'All' -- 17. The Immobilization of One Distribution by Another -- 18. A Second Example of Such Immobilization -- 19. A Third Example of Such Immobilization -- 20. 'Only One' within the Scope of 'Every' or 'All' -- 21. 'Every' or 'All' Taken Collectively and Taken Distributively -- 22. Other Universal Affirmative Signs -- CHAPTER II. 'WHOLE' (TOTUM) -- CHAPTER III. NUMBER WORDS (DICTIONES NUMERALES) -- CHAPTER IV. 'INFINITELY MANY' (INFINITA IN PLURALI) -- 1. 'Infinitely Many' and Number Words -- 2. 'Infinitely Many' and 'Finitely Many' -- CHAPTER V. 'BOTH' (UTERQUE) -- CHAPTER VI. 'OF EVERY SORT' (QUALELIBET) -- 1. Signs Distributive of Copulata -- 2. 'Of Every Sort' Used Categorematically and Syncategorematically -- 3. 'Of Every Sort' in Combination with Other Distributive Signs -- 4. Logical Descent in Connection with a Sign Distributive of Copulata -- CHAPTER VII. 'NO' (NULLUS) -- 1. Specific and Numerical Parts.

2. Proximate and Remote Parts -- 3. The Scope of the Negation Belonging to 'No' -- 4. Another Example Regarding the Scope of Such Negation -- 5. A Term Involving a Clause or Phrase within the Scope of 'No' -- 6. Whether Attaching 'No' to a Term Causes It to Stand for Nonexistents -- 7. A Third Example Regarding the Scope of the Negation Belonging to 'No' -- CHAPTER VIII. 'NOTHING' (NIHIL) -- 1. The Scope of the Negation Belonging to 'Nothing' -- 2. The Immobilization of One Negative Word by Another -- 3. The Illicit Use of 'Nothing' as a Name -- CHAPTER IX. 'NEITHER' (NEUTRUM) -- CHAPTER X. 'BUT' (PRAETER) -- 1. Reasons for Discussing 'But' at This Point -- 2. 'But' Taken Diminutionally and Taken Counter-instantively -- 3. A Doubt Regarding the Additive and Exceptive Uses of 'But' -- 4. A Confusion of the Diminutional and Counter-instantive Uses of 'But' -- 5. A Second Example of Such Confusion -- 6. 'But' Used Exceptively on 'Whole' -- 7. Immobilization by Means of 'But' -- 8. Excepting as Many Things as Are Supposited -- 9. A Second Example of Excepting as Many Things as Are Supposited -- 10. A Third Example of Excepting as Many Things as Are Supposited -- 11. The Absence of Confused Supposition from a Term Designating Something Excepted -- 12. Immobilization of a Term in Respect of Which an Exception Is Made -- 13. The Misuse of Exception as a Means of Rendering a Wholly False Statement True -- 14. Contrasting Truth-values in Exceptive Statements and Their Non-exceptive Originals -- 15. Immobilization by Means of Exception in Cases Involving More than One Division -- 16. Ambiguity in Cases Involving Exception and More than One Division -- 17. The Exceptive 'But' Together with the Copulative 'And' -- 18. Exception in Cases Involving More than One Time -- CHAPTER XI. 'ALONE' (SOLUS) -- 1. Reasons for Discussing 'Alone' at This Point.

2. 'Alone' Used Categorematically and Syncategorematically -- 3. Why 'Alone' Is Better Added to a Discrete than to a Common Term -- 4. A Supposed Pluralizing Effect of 'Alone' -- 5. A Supposed Negating Effect of 'Alone' -- 6. A Supposed Including Effect of 'Alone' -- 7. 'Alone' Excluding Generally and Specifically -- 8. Immobilization as a Result of Exclusion in the Subject -- 9. Immobilization of a Division by Means of a Preceding Exclusion -- 10. Exclusion in the Subject with One of the Terms Involving a Clause or Phrase -- 11. The Exclusive 'Alone' Together with the Copulative 'And' -- 12. Two Ways in Which a Clause or Phrase Involved in the Subject Term Can Fall under an Exclusion -- 13. The Effect of One Exclusion upon Another -- 14. A Second Example of the Effect of One Exclusion upon Another -- 15. 'Alone' Together with Number Words -- 16. The Effect of the Relative Location of Words Indicating Exclusion and Division -- 17. A Second Example of the Exclusive 'Alone' Together with the Copulative 'And' -- 18. A Third Example of the Exclusive 'Alone' Together with the Copulative 'And' -- CHAPTER XII. 'ONLY' (TANTUM) -- 1. 'Only' Used Categorematically and Syncategorematically -- 2. A Doubt Regarding the Determination of a Subject by Means of an Adverb -- 3. A Comparison of 'Only' and 'Alone' -- 4. 'Only' Adjoined to a Number Term -- 5. 'Only' Added to a Copulated Term -- 6. 'Only' Adjoined to a Disjoined Term -- 7. 'Only' Adjoined to a Concrete Term -- 8. Another Example of 'Only' Adjoined to a Concrete Term -- 9. Systematic Ambiguity in Connection with 'Only' -- 10. That around Which and That in Respect of Which Exclusion Occurs -- 11. A Second Example Having to Do with That Distinction -- 12. A Third Example Having to Do with That Distinction -- 13. An Example Having to Do with That Distinction in Connection with 'Alone'.

14. An Example Having to Do with That Distinction in Connection with 'Alone' and 'And' -- 15. An Explanation of the Occurrence of Exclusion in Respect of Different Things -- CHAPTER XIII. 'IS' (EST) -- 1. Whether 'Is' Is a Syncategorematic Word -- 2. The Status of 'Is' Occurring as a Third Ingredient -- 3. 'Is' Indicating Actual Being and Conditional Being -- CHAPTER XIV. 'NOT' (NON) -- 1. Whether 'Not' and 'Is' Are Opposed -- 2. Negation of a Term and Negation of a Composition -- 3. 'Not' Taken Extinctively and Otherwise -- 4. Negative Propositions with Many Causes of Truth -- 5. More Examples of Negative Propositions with Many Causes of Truth -- 6. Negation Giving Rise to Supposition for Nonexistents -- 7. The Effect of Negation on an Inference from an Inferior to a Superior -- CHAPTER XV. 'NECESSARILY' (NECESSARIO) AND 'CONTINGENTLY' (CONTINGENTER) -- 1. 'Necessarily' and 'Contingently' Used Categorematically and Syncategorematically -- 2. 'Necessarily' as a Note of Coherence and as a Note of Inherence -- 3. 'Necessarily' Together with the Exclusive 'Only' -- 4. 'Necessarily' Together with the Exclusive 'Alone' -- 5. 'Necessarily' Together with the Distributive Sign 'Every' -- 6. 'Of Necessity' Together with the Distributive Sign 'Every' -- CHAPTER XVI. 'BEGINS' (INCIPIT) AND 'CEASES' (DESINIT) -- 1. 'Begins' and 'Ceases' Used Categorematically and Syncategorematically -- 2. 'Begins' a Syncategorematic Word despite Grammatical Appearances -- 3. The Expositions of 'Begins' and 'Ceases' -- 4. Immobilization Resulting from an Occurrence of 'Begins' or 'Ceases' -- 5. Confused Supposition Resulting from an Occurrence of 'Begins' or 'Ceases' -- 6. Ambiguity Resulting from the Possibility of Fixed-state or Successive-state Expositions of 'Begins' or 'Ceases'.

7. Ambiguity Resulting from the Compounded/Divided Distinction in Connection with 'Begins' or 'Ceases' -- 8. A Second Example of Such Ambiguity -- 9. A Third Example of Such Ambiguity -- 10. An Inference from an Inferior to a Superior Acceptable under a Categorematic Use of 'Begins' or 'Ceases' -- CHAPTER XVII. 'IF' (SI) -- 1. Conjunctions and Prepositions -- 2. The Difference between 'If' and 'It Follows' -- 3. Why 'If' Is Not Attached to the Consequent Although It Indicates Consequence -- 4. How 'Antecedent' and 'Consequent' Are to Be Understood in Connection with Consequence -- 5. Truth and Falsity in Conditional Propositions -- 6. Conditional Propositions and Categorical Propositions with Conditioned Predicates -- 7. Another Example Involving That Distinction -- 8. Conditional Propositions Distinguished from Categorical Propositions with Conditioned Subjects -- 9. Ambiguity Resulting from the Occurrence of a Relative Clause in the Antecedent -- 10. 'If' Noting Consequences Absolutely and under the Prevailing Circumstances -- 11. Necessary and Merely True Consequences -- 12. Natural and Nonnatural Consequences -- 13. Ambiguity Resulting from Multiple Occurrences of 'If' -- 14. Ambiguity Resulting from Exclusion or Negation in Conditionals -- 15. Ambiguity Resulting from Modes in Conditionals -- 16. Immobilization in the Antecedent but Not in the Consequent -- 17. Ascent and Descent in Undistributed Antecedents and Consequents -- 18. A Paradoxical Chain of Consequences -- 19. A Second Paradoxical Chain of Consequences -- 20. A Third Paradoxical Chain of Consequences -- 21. A Fourth Paradoxical Chain of Consequences -- CHAPTER XVIII. 'UNLESS' (NISI) -- 1. The Logical and Grammatical Character of 'Unless' -- 2. 'Unless' Taken as a Consecutive Conjunction -- 3. 'Unless' Taken as an Exceptive Word.

4. Ambiguity Resulting from Taking 'Unless' as a Consecutive or as an Exceptive.