Contents -- Conventions and Abbreviations -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The History of "Standard Chinese" -- 1.2 Phonological Theory-Distinctive Features -- 1.2.1 Segment and Syllable -- 1.2.2 The Primary Features of Vowels -- 1.2.3 Glides -- 1.2.4 The Neutral Vowel Schwa [omitted] -- 1.2.5 Retroflexion -- 1.2.6 Features of Consonants (a) Place of Articulation -- 1.2.7 Features of Consonants (b) Manner of Articulation -- 1.2.8 Phonation -- 1.2.9 Tones -- Chapter 2 The Phonology of Pekingese -- 2.1 The Consonants of Pekingese -- 2.2 The Finals of Pekingese -- 2.3 The Retroflex Suffix -- 2.4 Vowelless Chinese? -- 2.5 Pekingese Tones -- Chapter 3 Late Middle Chinese -- 3.1 Sources -- 3.2 The Thirty-six Initials -- 3.2.1 Classification by Place and Manner of Articulation -- 3.2.2 Classification by Phonation -- 3.2.3 The Six "Extra" Initials-fei, fu, feng, wei, niang, chuang -- 3.3 Classification of Finals -- 3.3.1 Inner and Outer -- 3.3.2 Open and Closed -- 3.3.3 The Basic Pattern of the Four Grades -- 3.3.4 Nuclear Vowels-the Long aa of Grade II and the Glide Strengthening Rule -- 3.3.5 Finals with Labial Fricative Initials -- 3.3.6 The Four Grades in Sino-Vietnamese -- 3.3.7 The Four Grades in Kan'on -- 3.3.8 The Four Grades in Sino-Korean -- 3.3.9 Evidence for the Four Grades in Tibetan Transcriptions -- 3.4 The Sixteen Rhyme Groups -- 3.4.1 Guo -- 3.4.2 Jia -- 3.4.3 Yu -- 3.4.4 Xie -- 3.4.5 Zhi -- 3.4.6 Xiao -- 3.4.7 Liu -- 3.4.8 Dang -- 3.4.9 Zeng -- 3.4.10 Geng -- 3.4.11 Jiang -- 3.4.12 Tong -- 3.4.13 Shan -- 3.4.14 Zhen -- 3.4.15 Xian -- 3.4.16 Shen -- Chapter 4 The Sources of Early Middle Chinese -- 4.1 The Relation between EMC and LMC -- 4.2 Varieties of EMC -- 4.3 The Sources of the Qieyun -- 4.3.1 The Text of the Qieyun -- 4.3.2 The Structure and Arrangement of the Qieyun -- 4.3.3 The Niu Principle.

4.3.4 Tongyong Categories -- 4.3.5 The Fanqie of the Qieyun -- 4.4 Other Systems of Fanqie -- 4.5 Rhyming in Poetry -- 4.6 Buddhist Transcriptions -- 4.7 Dialects as Sources for EMC -- 4.8 Japanese Evidence for EMC-Go'on and Manyogana -- 4.9 Vietnamese Evidence for EMC -- Chapter 5 Reconstruction of Early Middle Chinese -- 5.1 Initials -- 5.1.1 Voiced Obstruents -- 5.1.2 Laryngeals and Velar Fricatives -- 5.1.3 The Glides j and w and the Zero Initial -- 5.1.4 Front and Back Allophones of the Velars-Type A and B Syllables -- 5.1.5 The Retroflex Stops and Nasal -- 5.1.6 Palatal and Retroflex Sibilants -- 5.1.7 Voiced Affricates -- 5.1.8 The Palatal Nasal -- 5.1.9 Labials -- 5.1.10 The Source of LMC Medial j -- 5.1.11 Medial w -- 5.2 Finals -- 5.2.1 Type A Finals (a) Grade I -- 5.2.2 Type A Finals (b) Grade II -- 5.2.3 Grade IV -- 5.3 Type B Finals -- 5.3.1 Finals in -im, -ip, -in, -ik -- 5.3.2 Other Evidence for High Vowels as Characteristic of Type B Finals -- 5.3.3 Rhyme zhen[omitted] -- 5.3.4 The Type B Final of geng -- 5.3.5 The Type B Final of ma -- 5.3.6 The Type B Finals of ge -- 5.3.7 The Type A Final of rhyme zhong[omitted] -- 5.4 Final Consonants -- 5.4.1 Final -s -- 5.4.2 The Old Chinese Origins of the Palatalized and Labialized Velars -- 5.4.3 Uvulars -- 5.5 Tones -- Appendix I: A Comparison of EMC and LMC with Karlgren's "Ancient Chinese" -- Appendix II: Reconstruction of Early Mandarin-The Zhongyuan yinyun -- Bibliography -- A. Primary Sources -- B. Secondary Works Cited.