Bookmarks -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. The Communication Channel and the Communication Network 1 -- 1.1 Development of Telecommunications 1 -- 1.2 Introduction to Telecommunications 4 -- 1.3 Signals in Communications 5 -- 1.4 Characteristics of the Communications Channel 10 -- 1.5 The Communications Network 22 -- 1.6 The Future 24 -- 1.7 Enabling Technologies 27 -- 2. Digital Telephony 29 -- 2.1 From Analog to Digital 29 -- 2.2 Advantages of Digital Techniques 31 -- 2.3 Disadvantages of Digital Techniques 34 -- 2.4 PCM Techniques and Standards 35 -- 2.5 Low Bit-Rate Voice Coding 44 -- 2.6 Voice over the Internet 56 -- 2.7 Devices for Digital Telephony 73 -- 3. Switching and Signaling Systems 99 -- 3.1 Evolution of Switching Systems 99 -- 3.2 Essentials of Switching, Signaling, and Control 100 -- 3.3 Principles of Switching 101 -- 3.4 Circuit Switching and Packet Switching 105 -- 3.5 Signaling Systems 107 -- 3.6 Digital Exchanges 112 -- 3.7 Private Branch Exchanges and Key Phone Systems 119 -- 3.8 Merging Data and Voice 121 -- 3.9 Packet Switching Systems 121 -- 3.10 Switch Fabric Interfaces and ICs 137 -- 3.11 Optics and the Future 139 -- 4. Cellular Systems 143 -- 4.1 Introduction 143 -- 4.2 Advantages and Constraints of Wireless Access 143 -- 4.3 Basic Components of Wireless Access 144 -- 4.4 Cellular Systems as an Access Technology 145 -- 4.5 Cellular System Operation 151 -- 4.6 The Cellular Radio Environment 155 -- 4.7 Frequency Assignment and Multiple Access Schemes for Cellular Systems 163 -- 4.8 Capacity of Cellular Systems 168 -- 4.9 First Generation Cellular Systems and Standards 169 -- 4.10 Second Generation Digital Cellular Systems 172 -- 4.11 Third Generation Mobile Systems 182 -- 4.12 Mobile Device Hardware, Architecture, and Implementation 188 -- 4.13 Technological Trends 192.

5. Fixed Wireless Access 197 -- 5.1 Introduction 197 -- 5.2 Access Technologies 198 -- 5.3 WLL Technologies Primarily for Voice Provision 200 -- 5.4 Broadband Fixed Wireless Access Systems 207 -- 5.5 Enabling Technologies 217 -- 5.6 The Future 220 -- 6. Digital Subscriber Loop 223 -- 6.1 Introduction 223 -- 6.2 Signal Impairments and the Channel Length 223 -- 6.3 DSL Techniques 229 -- 6.4 Different Versions of DSL 239 -- 6.5 Spectral Considerations in DSL 247 -- 6.6 Operation of DSL 250 -- 6.7 DSL Chip Sets 254 -- 6.8 The ISO Seven-Layer Model, ATM, and DSL Systems 264 -- 6.9 End-to-End ADSL Systems 264 -- 6.10 Standards 265 -- 7. Transmission Techniques 271 -- 7.1 Introduction 271 -- 7.2 Transmission Line Behavior 271 -- 7.3 Decibel Measurements 273 -- 7.4 Basic TDM Techniques and Digital Transmission Systems 274 -- 7.5 Plesiochronous Higher-Order Digital Multiplexing or PDH 279 -- 7.6 Synchronous Digital Multiplexing 281 -- 7.7 Optical Networks 287 -- 7.8 The Future 290 -- 8. Telecommunication Systems Testing 293 -- 8.1 Introduction 293 -- 8.2 Measurement Areas 293 -- 8.3 Measurement of Power Levels in Telecommunications Circuits 294 -- 8.4 High-Frequency Power Measurements 296 -- 8.5 RF Insertion Units for SWR and Reflection Coefficient Measurements 297 -- 8.6 Built-In RF Power Measurements 298 -- 8.7 Field-Strength Measurements 299 -- 8.8 Spectrum Observations and Frequency Measurements 301 -- 8.9 DSL Testing and Measurements 302 -- 8.10 Testing of Digital Transmission Systems 306 -- 8.11 BERTs 309 -- 8.12 Broadband Network Measurements 312 -- 8.13 Use of Modern Digital Storage Oscilloscopes for Physical Layer Testing or Tributary Signals 313 -- 9. Embedded Systems Design for Telecommunications: A Case Study 317 -- 9.1 Introduction 317 -- 9.2 AMR Speech Codecs and the GSM Environment 317.

9.3 An Overview of Digital Signal Processor Architectures 319 -- 9.4 Overview of Target Hardware for the AMR Speech CodecŠThe AD6526 Multicore Processor 320 -- 9.5 Overview of the AMR Speech Codec 323 -- 9.6 Algorithmic Complexity of the AMR Speech Codec 328 -- 9.7 Implementing the AMR Speech CodecŠTrade-offs and Considerations 331 -- 9.8 Porting the Reference AMR Speech Codec C Code to Target Hardware 332 -- 9.9 Testing and Packaging of the AMR Speech Codec 337 -- 9.10 Final Packaging and Documentation of the AMR Speech Codec 340 -- 9.11 Conclusions 340 -- List of Acronyms -- About the Authors 353 -- Index 355.