Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- List of Abbreviations -- Note on ILO Conventions -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- A. Historical Perspective -- B. Child Labor as a Human Rights Issue -- C. Defining Child Labor -- D. Structure of the Book -- Part I: International Standard-Setting in Child Labor: Examining the Priorities of International Law -- Chapter 2: Child Slavery and Slavery-Like Practices -- A. Introduction -- B. Definition of Slavery in International Treaties -- C. Example of Contemporary Forms of Child Slavery: Bonded Labor -- D. Forced Labor: International Standards and Supervision -- E. Slavery and State Responsibility Rules in International Law -- F. Conclusion -- Chapter 3: Child Labor and the Sexual and Criminal Exploitation of Children -- A. Introduction -- B. International Legal Provisions on Trafficking of Children -- C. International Legal Provisions on Sexual Exploitation of Children -- D. Regional Measures on Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking of Children -- E. International Legal Provisions on Criminal Exploitation of Children -- F. Problems with the Scope of Obligations -- G. Conclusion -- Chapter 4: Child Soldiers -- A. Introduction -- B. International Law Provisions -- 1. Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949 (1977) -- 2. Protocol II Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949 (1977) -- 3. Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) -- 4. African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of Children -- 5. Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998) -- 6. ILO Convention No. 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor (1999) -- 7. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on Children in Armed Conflict (2000) -- C. Is the Prohibition Customary? -- D. Problems in Defining the Scope of the Prohibition -- 1. Armed Conflict.

2. Direct Versus Indirect Participation in Hostilities -- 3. Recruitment -- 4. Non-State Forces -- 5. Nature of State Obligations in Relation to Child Soldiers -- E. Child Soldiers as a Child Labor Issue -- F. Child Soldiers and Joined-Up International Law -- G. Conclusion -- Chapter 5: Critiques of Prioritization and Alternative Approaches to Regulating Child Labor -- A. Introduction -- B. Critiques and Defenses of Prioritization -- C. Alternative Approaches to Child Labor Priorities -- 1. Targeting Particular Sectors -- a. Child Domestic Workers -- b. Agriculture -- 2. Link to Education -- D. Rights of Working Children -- E. Conclusion: Can Prioritization Be Defended? -- Part II: Implementation of Child Labor Norms Through International Law -- Chapter 6: International Treaty Supervision: State Reporting and Petition Systems -- A. Introduction -- B. ILO Implementation Procedures-State Reports and Complaints System -- C. Convention on the Rights of the Child-Reporting System -- D. European Social Charter-Reporting System and Collective Complaints Mechanism -- E. Crisis in International Human Rights Implementation: Implications for Child Labor -- F. Conclusion -- Chapter 7: Child Labor and the International Trading System -- A. Introduction -- B. Reconsideration of the Legality of Trade Sanctions Under GATT -- 1. Concept of "Like Products" Under Article III GATT -- 2. Exemption Under Article XX GATT -- a. Public Morality -- b. Prison Labor -- c. Other Paragraphs of Article XX -- d. Chapeau and Its Relation to the Enumerated Paragraphs -- C. Utility and Appropriateness of Trade Sanctions -- D. Conditionality and Additionality in Trade and Development Measures -- 1. History of Preferential Treatment of Developing Countries in International Trade Law -- 2. Conditionality in GSP Regimes -- 3. Additional Preferences in the EU's GSP Regime.

4. WTO Compatibility Issues -- E. Conclusion -- Chapter 8: Technical Assistance and Private Enforcement -- A. Introduction -- B. ILO Technical Assistance: IPEC and the Focus on Child Labor -- C. Regulating Child Labor Through Private Action: Corporate Social Responsibility Issues -- 1. Social Labeling -- 2. Corporate Codes of Conduct -- 3. Commodity-Based Agreements on Labor Standards -- 4. Internationalizing Corporate Social Responsibility -- D. Conclusion -- Chapter 9: Conclusion -- A. Goals and Achievements of International Law -- 1. Creating Consensus -- 2. Creating a Common Language of Children's Rights -- 3. Helping to Raise the Profile of Child Labor as an Issue and Maintaining Its Significance -- 4. Ending Impunity -- 5. Giving Authority to Private Methods of Enforcement -- B. Limitations and Failures of International Law -- 1. Inherent Limitations of International Law -- 2. Failure to Change the Terms of International Trade -- 3. Failure to Entrench a Children's Rights Perspective into the Activities of International Organizations -- C. Choices for the Future -- Bibliography -- Table of Cases -- Index -- About the PAIL Institute.