Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter One Problems and Ambiguity Surrounding the Question of Confucian Religiosity -- 1. The Epistemological Problem: Transculturing the Term Religion -- 1) The Reception of the Term Religion in the Chinese Context -- 2) The Study of Religion as an Academic Discipline -- 3) Constructing Religion in the Chinese Context -- 2. The Linguistic Ambiguity of Terms: Rujia, Rujiao, Ruxue -- 1) The Holistic and Panoramic Vision of the Term Confucianism -- 2) The Obscure Origin of Ru -- 3) The Ambiguity of the Terms: Rujia, Rujiao, and Ruxue -- 4) The Distribution of Rujia, Rujiao, and Ruxue -- 5) Transcending Terminological Limitation -- 3. Values and Implications in the Discourse on Confucian Religiosity -- 1) De Saussure's Theory on Syntagm -- 2) Values and Implications in the Chinese Discourse -- 3) Values and Implications in the Western Discourse -- Chapter Two Historical Discussions on the Question of Confucian Religiosity -- 1. Kang Youwei and the Kongjiao Controversy -- 1) Background and Significance of Kang's State Religion Campaign -- 2) Kang Youwei's Interpretation of Confucian Religiosity -- 3) May Fourth Opposition to Kang's State Religion Movement -- 2. The Resurrection of the Controversy: Context, Agenda, and Rhetoric -- 1) Historical Outlines of the Controversy in Recent Decades -- 2) Approaches and Arguments in the Latest Controversy -- 3) Significance of and Problems with the Latest Controversy -- 3. Western Scholarship on Confucian Religiosity -- 1) James Legge -- 2) William Edward Soothill -- 3) Max Weber -- 4) Julia Ching -- 5) Rodney L. Taylor -- 6) John Berthrong -- 7) Joseph A. Adler -- Chapter Three Epistemological Significance of the Controversy over Confucian Religiosity -- 1. The Pragmatic Turn in Defining Religion -- 1) W. C. Smith's Renunciation of the Term Religion.

2) Melford Spiro's Criterion of "Intra-cultural Intuitivity" -- 3) Benson Saler's Notion of "Default Values" -- 4) Martin Southwold's Twelve-Attribute-Substantiation of a Religion -- 2. Definability of Confucianism in Terms of Religion -- 1) Methodological Attitude toward Transculturing Religion -- 2) Religious Dimensions of Traditional Chinese Society -- 3) Demarcating Confucianism from the Cultural Context -- 4) Definability of Confucianism in Terms of Religion -- 3. Epistemological Significance of the Controversy -- 1) The Anxiety for Modernization and the Postmodern Critique -- 2) A Nominal Approach to Defining Confucianism -- 3) Defining Confucianism in Spite of History -- Chapter Four Cultural and Historical Significance of the Controversy over Confucian Religiosity -- 1. Fractured Continuity between Tradition and Modernity -- 2. The New Confucian Approach to the Question on Confucian Religiosity -- 3. The New Confucian Approach to the Problem of Modernity -- 4. The Theoretical Limitation of New Confucianism -- 5. Engaging Tradition in Post-Confucian Paradigms -- 6. Jiang Qing as a Confucian Religion Maker -- Epilogue -- Transliteration Table -- Bibliography -- Index.