Cover -- Table of Contents -- Foreword (Oriano Otočan, Jean Marc Roirant) -- Chapter 1. Objectives of This Volume -- 1.1. From a Representative Democracy to a Participative Democracy: Practices and Evaluation -- 1.2. What is the Added Value of the Citizen Participation Practices Put in Place in the Last Years? -- 1.3. At the End of the 2007-2013 Programmes, What Did We Learn from the Programme Supported by Europe for Citizens? -- Chapter 2. The Approach of the Association of Local Democracy Agencies to Citizen Participation -- 2.1. Territorial Approach and Local Communities at the Core of the Action -- 2.2. Local Authorities and Civil Society Working Together: a Comprehensive Form of Decentralisation -- 2.3. Project Based Approach -- 2.4. The Local Democracy Agencies Concept -- 2.5. Features of Cooperation in the LDAs -- 2.6. Definitions -- 2.7. Citizen Participation to Develop a Sense of Ownership and Responsibility to the Community and Inclusive Society -- 2.8. Participatory Democracy: a Fundamental Element for Building a Democratic Society -- 2.9. Citizen Participation: a European Value within the EU and in the Enlargement and Neighbouring Countries. Eastern Europe and Western Balkans in Transition -- 2.10. The Southern Policy of the European Union -- 2.11. Assessment of Our Action -- Chapter 3. Data and Figures from a Seven Years Implementation Period -- 3.1. Methodologies Adopted -- 3.2. Analysis of the Data -- Chapter 4. Citizen Participation in Europe. Focus on the European Year of Citizens, Practices and Trends. Introduction: Trends and Development -- 4.1. Citizen Participation and the European Union Policies -- 4.1.1. The Lisbon Treaty and the Opportunity Offered by the Art 11 -- 4.1.2. European Citizens' Initiative, Start up, Opportunities and Difficulties.

4.1.3. Other Possibilities with Consultations and Structured Dialogues and Networks at the EU Level -- 4.1.4. Civil Society Forua -- 4.2. Local Authorities and Civil Society Networks -- 4.2.1. The European Alliance for Citizen Participation -- 4.3. Individual Participation: One by One -- 4.4. The Role of the European Economic and Social Committee -- 4.5. The Europe for Citizens Programme -- 4.6. Council of Europe's Practice in Matters of Citizen and Civil Participation: Code of Good Practice for Civil Participation in the Decision Making Process and other Mechanisms (Biljana Zasova Friederich) -- 4.7. Final Considerations -- Chapter 5. Citizen Participation at the National Level: General Frameworks of Consultations and Partnership -- 5.1. The Power of Partnerships: Latest Developments with the Compact between the Government and the Voluntary and Community Sector in the UK (Oliver Henman) -- 5.2. Civil Society Participation in Latvia (Rasma Pipike) -- 5.3. Citizen Participation in Georgia - How Does It Really Work? (Davit Melua) -- 5.4. Citizen Participation. The Case of Sweden, from My Perspective (Ludvig Sandberg) -- 5.4.1. The Framework -- 5.4.2. The National Level -- 5.4.3. The Regional and Local Level -- 5.4.4. Challenges -- 5.5. The challenges of Citizen Participation in Transitional Societies of Western Balkans (Zoran Stojkovski) -- 5.5.1. The Challenges of CSOs in Fostering Citizen Participation in Western Balkans Countries -- 5.5.2. Some Promising Models and Examples That Positively Influence Public Participation at the National and Local Level -- Chapter 6. Citizen Participation at the Local Level and Best Practices: Introduction -- 6.1. Training and Problem Solving Modules on Active Citizenship Proposed by ALDA -- 6.2. Council of Europe and Practices for Citizen Participation at a Local Level.

6.3. Citizen Participation Practices at a Local Level -- 6.3.1. Engaging New "Voters": Recently Naturalised Swiss Citizens and Young People (Katja Blanc) -- 6.3.2. To Increase Citizen Participation, There is a Strong Need to Educate and Inform Citizens, Youth in Particular (Jean Claude Mairal) -- 6.3.3. Social Capital and the Way Citizens Are Involved Are the Central Aspect of the History of Reggio Emilia. The Municipality Coordinates "Decentralisation and Participation in Deliberative Processes" (Serena Foracchia) -- 6.3.4. Active Citizen Is the One Who on His/Her Own Free Will, Is Involved in the Accomplishment of Tasks Benefiting Society without Wishing for Any Kind of Economic Reward (Chrissa Geraga) -- 6.3.5. The Dominant Vision of Active Citizenship in Croatia Is Promoting and Developing Civil Society (Patrizia Bosich) -- 6.3.6. Working on The Environmental and Social Fields and Introducing Critical Historical Consciousness to Encourage Active Citizenship (Steluta Purcaru) -- Chapter 7. Citizen Participation in Enlargement and Neighbouring Countries: Comparing Frameworks, Experiences and Outcomes -- 7.1. Citizen Participation at a Local Level in Eastern Partnership Countries - An Essential Element of Democracy Building and Sustainable Development: Introduction -- 7.1.1. The Role of the Civil Society Forum for Eastern Partnership and Its Subgroup about Local Government and Public Administration Reform -- 7.1.2. Activities of the Local Democracy Agencies and Related Projects by ALDA -- 7.1.3. Conclusions -- 7.1.4. Additional Documents -- 7.2. Local Democracy Agencies in the Western Balkans. Paving the Way towards EU Integration. Introduction (Stanka Parac) -- 7.2.1. The Role of Parliaments -- 7.2.2. The Role of Local and Regional Democracy -- 7.2.3. The Role of Civil Society.

7.3. The Tunisian Spring or the Democratic Transition from Representation to Participation (Moncef Ben Slimane) -- 7.3.1. The First Steps of the Democratic Transition -- 7.3.2. The Tunisian Spring: from Representative to Participative Democracy -- 7.3.3. ALDA and LAM ECHAML Working for Citizen Participation -- Chapter 8. Experience of the Local Democracy Agencies in Citizen Participation -- 8.1. LDAs Analysis -- 8.1.1. LDA Albania -- 8.1.2. LDA Armenia -- 8.1.3. LDA Subotica (Serbia) -- 8.1.4. LDA Central and Southern Serbia (LDA CSS) -- 8.1.5. LDA Georgia -- 8.1.6. LDA Kosovo -- 8.1.7. LDA Montenegro -- 8.1.8. LDA Osijek - Operational Partner of ALDA -- 8.1.9. LDA Sisak - Operational partner of ALDA -- 8.1.10. LDA Verteneglio/ Brtonigla - Operational partner of ALDA -- 8.1.11. LDA Prijedor (Bosnia and Herzegovina) -- 8.1.12. LDA Zavidovići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) -- 8.1.13. LDA Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina) -- 8.2. Experience of the Local Democracy Agencies in Citizen Participation - Case by Case -- 8.2.1. The Local Democracy Agency in Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Dženana Dedic) -- 8.2.2. LDA Georgia (Joseph Khakhaleishvili) -- 8.2.3. The Green Agenda in Niksic - Participative Development and Implementation of the Local Sustainable Development Strategies and Plans (Kerim Medjedovic) -- 8.2.4. LDA Zavidovici (Sladjan Ilic) -- 8.2.5. Youth Participation at a Local Level: the Experience of LDA Vertenglio (Umberto Ademollo) -- 8.2.6. LDA Armenia (Lusine Alexandryan) -- 8.2.7. Why Talk about Active European Citizenship and Citizen Participation? (LDA Osijek, Croatia, Miljenko Turniski) -- 8.2.8. Local Democracy Agency for Central and Southern Serbia (Sasa Marinkov) -- 8.2.9. Democracy and Citizen Participation in Today's Global World (LDA Sisak, Paula Raužan) -- 8.2.10. LDA Prijedor (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Dragan Dosen).

8.2.11. Promoting Democratic Governance in Local Multicultural Community (LDA Subotica, Serbia, Silvija Patarcic) -- Chapter 9. Citizens' Panels: an Innovative Approach for Enhancing Participation (Marco Boaria) -- 9.1. Citizens' Panels in Practice: Introducing the Key Components -- 9.2. The Experience of the Association of Local Democracy Agencies -- 9.3. Lessons Learned. Analysis of the Outcomes -- 9.3.1. A Question of Numbers... -- 9.3.2. A Question of Time... -- 9.3.3. A Question of Trust... -- 9.3.4. A Question of Method... -- 9.3.5. A Question of Levels... -- 9.3.6. A Few Key Questions... -- Chapter 10. Contributions About Citizen Participation in Europe -- 10.1. Democracy Means Construction (Jo Spiegel) -- 10.2. Analysis of Citizen Participation Projects by the Foundation for Partnership and Civil Society Development of the Istrian Region, Croatia (Andrej Pevec) -- 10.3. The Local Economic Development Agency of the Vlora Region in Albania, a Practical Example from the UNDP Art Programme in Albania (Giancarlo Canzanelli) -- 10.4. The Experience of Developing the Mechanisms of Civil Society's Participation in the Eastern Partnership Initiative: the Civil Society Forum of Eastern Partnership and Its National Platforms (Andrei Yahorau, Alena Zuikova) -- 10.4.1. Civic Participation in Contemporary Authoritarian Systems. The Case of Belarus -- 10.4.2. Belarusian National Platform as a Form of Developing the Participation Mechanisms -- 10.4.3. In the Direction of a Further Growth -- 10.5. Practices and Prospects for Citizen Participation at the Local Level in the EU. The Committee of the Regions' Point of View (Mercedes Bresso) -- 10.5.1. Re-building the Lost Trust in the Political Institutions of the EU by Reinforcing Citizens' Awareness of the Rights Linked to EU Citizenship -- 10.5.2. The Key Role of Local and Regional Authorities.

10.5.3. What Are the Rights Which Constitute the EU Citizenship?.