Dialogue and Culture -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Preface to the Series -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- I. Language, Biology and Culture -- Minds in Uniform -- 1. Trivializing cultural differences -- 2. An earlier consensus -- 3. Generative linguistics as a theory of human nature -- 4. Cognitive constraints and cultural universalism -- 5. 'Universal grammar' means European grammar -- 6. Honest and dishonest imperialism -- 7. Vocabulary and culture -- 8. Universalist politics -- 9. Abandoning the touchstone of empiricism -- 10. Intuition-based politics -- 11. New evidence for language diversity -- 12. Conclusion -- References -- The Sociobiology of Language -- 1. The puzzle -- 2. Diverging views -- 2.1 The biolinguistic position: language determined by human nature -- 2.2 The socio-empiricist position: Language determined by culture -- 2.3 Variants mediating between the extremes -- 3. Sociobiology of language or language in the mixed game -- 4. How culture shapes action -- 5. Concluding remarks -- References -- II. Theoretical Positions -- Some General Thoughts about Linguistic Typology and Dialogue Linguistics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Language typology and cognitive/functional explanations -- 2.1 The typological strategies for discovering structural patterns - an example -- 2.2 Some universal patterns -- 2.3 Functional explanations -- 2.4 The aim of functional approaches - some problems -- 3. The limits of universals in pragmatics and the role of dialogue linguistics -- 4. Grammar and the speaker's needs in specific situations - two examples -- 4.1 Finiteness -- 4.2 Politeness in Japanese -- 5. Conclusion: How does dialogue linguistics matter for linguistic typology? -- References -- Glossary -- Intercultural Dialogue and Academic Discourse -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Linguistic turn.

1.2 From social view to cross-cultural studies of academic writing -- 2. The authorial self-presentation in scientific text -- 3. Material and methods -- 3.1 The we acts in Czech and Russian research articles -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusion: The we perspective in intercultural communication -- References -- The Speech Act of Refusal within the Minimal Action Game -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical approaches -- 3. Further research assumptions -- 4. Results of the comparison -- 4.1 Illocutionary functions -- 4.2 Paradigms -- 4.3 Politeness strategies -- 4.4 Social distance and indirectness -- 4.5 Social distance and excuses -- 4.6 Social distance and the initiative speech act -- 4.7 Social distance and initial 'no' -- 4.8 Politeness and gender -- 5. Summary -- References -- Gestural Regulators in French, Japanese and American English Dialogues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study, methodology and data -- 3. The hand -- 3.1 The hand: Turn-holding and silencing the addressee in French -- 3.2 The hand: Turn-taking and silencing the speaker in French -- 3.3 The hand: Turn-yielding in French -- 4. The nod -- 4.1 The nod: Turn-holding in Japanese -- 4.2 The nod: Turn-yielding in Japanese -- 4.3 The nod: Marker of topic change or end of conversation in Japanese -- 5. The head tilt -- 5.1 The head tilt: Expressing disagreement and turn-taking in Japanese -- 5.2 The head tilt: Expressing partial disagreement and justification in French. -- 6. Gaze behavior -- 6.1 Cross-cultural characteristics of gaze direct in French and Japanese -- 6.2 Gaze direct patterns -- 6.3 The role of gaze behavior in the turn-taking sequence -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Quantity Scales -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Requestive Hints -- 2.1 Introducing hints -- 2.2 Quantity scales -- 2.3 Cultural variation -- 3. Conveying reservation through the declarative verb claim.

4. Culture-specific profiles -- 5. Implications -- References -- III. Empirically Oriented Studies of the 'Mixed Game' -- Dialogue Interpreting as Intercultural Mediation -- 1. The meaning of dialogue interpreting -- 2. Affectivity in dialogue interpreting: the case of medicine -- 3. The data -- 4. Dialogue interpreting as dyadic affective interaction -- 5. Triadic affective interactions as intercultural mediation -- 6. Conclusion: Empowerment through dialogue? -- References -- Appendix -- Cultural Differences in the Speech Act of Greeting -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical foundation -- 2.1 The Dialogic Action Game (DAG) -- 2.2 What is 'culture'? -- 2.3 The speech act of greeting -- 3. The empirical investigation -- 3.1 The design of the analysis -- 3.2 Comparing the verbal greeting behavior among Californian, German and Peruvian native speakers -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix: Questionnaire -- Refusals and Politeness in Directive Action Games -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical foundation -- 2.1 Refusals in directive action games -- 2.2 What are the subtypes of refusals? -- 2.3 Refusals and politeness -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1 Data collection -- 3.2 The design of the analysis -- 4. Results -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- How Diplomatic Can a Language Be? -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Unwritten rules of politeness and diplomacy -- 2. Significance of the study -- 3. Socio-cultural aspects reflected in the language -- 3.1 Nonverbal communication -- 3.2 Verbal communication -- 3.3 Degree of respect -- 3.4 Gender differences -- 4. Transfer of Sinhala diplomacy to Sri Lankan English -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Glossary -- Cultural Values and their Hierarchies in Everyday Discourse -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The notion of culture -- 3. Communicative mistakes -- 3.1 Pragmatic mistakes -- 3.2 Cultural mistakes -- 4. Data analysis.

5. Conclusion -- References -- Glossary -- Cultural and Contextual Constraints in Communication -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alternative views -- 3. Emergent grammar, cognitive linguistics, integrational approaches -- 3.1 Emergent grammar and cognitive linguistics -- 3.2 The integrational approach: Maximum context -- 4. Celebrating the differences -- 4.1 Parts of speech and syntactic categories: Are the categories universal? -- 4.2 Verb morphology, case and voice -- 4.3 Negation -- 4.4 The lexicon -- 4.5 Discourse structure related to timeline or eventline -- 4.6 Discourse markers or particles -- 5. Metaphor and text -- 6. Contextual and cultural constraints versus universal grammar -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- General Index -- List of Contributors.