Cover -- Half title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 Greeks and Romans: Antiquity -- Early Greek Origins -- Aristotle and Theophrastos -- Hellenistic Natural History -- Roman Natural History -- Notes -- 2 Medieval Millennium -- Byzantine Natural History -- Arabic Language Science -- Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Amateur Avian Ecologist and Behaviorist -- Albertus Magnus, Scholastic Naturalist -- Notes -- 3 Renaissance -- Botany during the Italian Renaissance and Early Scientific Revolution -- Vertebrate Zoology, 1500s -- Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, 1500s -- Notes -- 4 Scientific Revolution -- Broadening Science in Italy and England, 1600-1650s -- Plant Growth Studies, 1600s -- Origins of Human and Animal Demography and Statistics, 1600s -- Hooke and the Royal Society of London -- Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, 1600s -- John Ray and His Associates, Francis Willughby and William Derham -- Leeuwenhoek's Microscopic Natural History -- Notes -- 5 Emerging Natural History -- Richard Bradley, Entrepreneurial Naturalist -- Réaumur and His History of Insects -- Early European Naturalists Explore Eastern North America -- Linnaeus and the Economy of Nature -- Buffon and Environmental Influences on Animals -- John and William Bartram Explore Eastern North America -- Gilbert White, Naturalist Extraordinaire -- Naturalists Explore Russia and North Pacific Lands, 1700s -- Notes -- 6 Organism Center Stage -- Plant Growth Studies, 1700s -- Plant Disease Studies, 1700s -- Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, 1700s -- Animal Population Studies, 1700s -- Notes -- 7 Emergence of the Ecological Sciences -- Humboldt, Nature's Geographer -- Naturalists Explore North America, mid-1780s to mid-1820s -- A Changing Economy of Nature.

Beginnings of British Marine Biology: Edward Forbes and Philip Gosse -- Watson, Plant Geographer and Evolutionist -- Ecological Aspects of Darwin's Voyage on the Beagle -- Naturalists Explore Western North America, mid-1820s to 1850s -- Thoreau, Ecologist -- Notes -- 8 Ascendant Ecology -- Darwin's Evolutionary Ecology -- Victorian Naturalists in Amazonia: Wallace, Bates, and Spruce -- Biogeographer-Evolutionists Hooker and Wallace and Evolutionist Huxley -- Plant Physiology, Saussure to Sachs -- Phytopathology, 1800s -- Entomology, 1800s -- From Parasitology to Germ Theory -- Haeckel's Concept of Ecology -- Notes -- References -- Index.