Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- New Frontiers of Social Policy -- Preface -- About the Editors -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- PART 1 Introduction -- CHAPTER 1 Inequalities and Development: Dysfunctions, Traps, and Transitions -- Introduction -- Inequity and Inequality: Why They Matter -- Institutionalizing Inequality: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Traps -- Pathways out of Institutionalized Inequalities -- Introduction to the Chapters -- Lessons and Implications -- Notes -- References -- PART 2 Inequality Traps and Institutionalized Inequities -- CHAPTER 2 Asset Inequality and Agricultural Growth: How Are Patterns of Asset Inequality Established and Reproduced? -- Introduction -- Inequality and Growth at the Macrolevel: What Do We Know? -- Complementarities between Asset Inequality and Productivity -- Asset and Endowment Dependency and Enduring Inequality -- Incorporation of the Social and Political: Insights from Gendered Analysis of Inequality -- Inequality in Access to Institutions and Poverty -- Policy Levers and Inequality -- Notes -- References -- Suggested Readings -- CHAPTER 3 Beneath the Categories: Power Relations and Inequalities in Uganda -- Introduction -- Relationships and Inequalities in Uganda -- The Precolonial Period -- Class inequalities -- Religion and inequalities -- The Colonial Period -- Structural Reforms and Legacies of Ethnic and Gender Identities -- Background -- Some Relational Dimensions to Ethnic and Gender Inequality -- People, in their roles as social actors, might accept and uphold conditions that perpetuate their own inequality -- Power relations-coercive and noncoercive, visible and hidden, agreed and imposed-can cause poverty and help sustain inequalities -- Misrecognition of the Batwa -- Implications for Political Agency and Collective Action -- Advantages and Limitations of the Group Approach.

Summary: The Implications -- Notes -- References -- Suggested Readings -- CHAPTER 4 Inequalities within India's Poorest Regions: Why Do the Same Institutions Work Differently in Different Places? -- Introduction -- Multiple Disparities: The Quantitative Picture -- Historical Origins of Underdevelopment: Colonial and Postcolonial Institutions -- Policies for Reducing Disadvantages of Historically Deprived Groups: What Is the Evidence of Effect? -- Deprived Groups -- Special Area Program: KBK -- Social Mobilization as a Precondition for Breaking Unequal Structures? -- A Traditional and Unchallenged Elite -- The Mixed Record of Decentralization -- Low Political Awareness -- Weak Social Mobilization -- Unproven Reforms and Donor Support -- Notes -- References -- PART 3 Institutional Transitions and Pathways Toward Equity -- CHAPTER 5 Indigenous Political Voice and the Struggle for Recognition in Ecuador and Bolivia -- Introduction -- Building Movements: Exclusion, Organization, and Opportunity -- Negotiating Neoliberal and Multicultural Reform: States and Movements -- Explaining Ecuadorian Unity and Bolivian Fragmentation -- Region and Movement -- Terms of Recognition: Constructing Nationalities, Peoples, and Indígenas -- Strategies: Contestation and Negotiation in the New Millennium -- Seeing Equity and Development Possibilities: Tradeoffs of Voice and Equity? -- Finding Equity through Voice? -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 6 Cash Transfers for Older People Reduce Poverty and Inequality -- Introduction -- Noncontributory Programs in South Africa, Brazil, and Bangladesh -- South Africa -- Brazil -- Bangladesh -- Noncontributory Pensions as Institutions for Equity and Development -- Development of Noncontributory Pensions in South Africa and Brazil -- Unconventional Nature of Noncontributory Pensions.

Why the Focus on Old-Age Poverty? -- What Kind of Institutional and Political Environment Made Possible the Development of Noncontributory Pensions in the Countries Studied? -- Poverty, Household Investment, and Equity -- Pension Income and Poverty -- Noncontributory Pensions and Household Investment -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 7 Mineral Wealth, Conflict, and Equitable Development -- Introduction -- Minerals and Geographic Conflict -- Structural Risk Factors -- Poverty -- Terrain -- Peripheries -- Prior Regional Identity -- Political Institutions -- Type of Minerals -- Ways to Avert Conflicts -- Rent Sharing -- Transparency -- Multistakeholder Dialogues -- Human Rights and Security -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 8 Spain: Development, Democracy, and Equity -- Introduction -- A Story of Relative Political and Economic Failure -- Democratic Transition and Civil War -- Authoritarianism: From Autarky to Growth -- The Autarkic Model and Its Breakdown -- Social Consequences of Economic Liberalization and Growth -- Democratic Transition -- Ways to Build the Welfare State -- Social Expenditure -- Capital Formation -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.