Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Experimental -- Chapter 1 Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotube Production Processes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Arc Discharge -- 3. Laser Plumes -- 4. Glow Discharge -- 5. Flames -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 Spectroscopic Studies on Laser-Produced Carbon Vapor -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Apparatus -- 2.1. Laser ablation system -- 2.2. Optical emission spectroscopy -- 2.3. Laser-induced fluorescence imaging spectroscopy -- 3. Optical Emission from Laser-Produced Carbon Vapor [Sasaki et al. (2002)] -- 3.1. Temporal variation of optical emission intensity -- 3.2. Optical emission spectrum -- 3.3. Spatial distribution of delayed continuum emission -- 4. Spatiotemporal Variations of C2 and C3 Radical Densities [Sasaki et al. (2002)] -- 4.1. C2 and C3 radical densities in vacuum -- 4.2. C2 and C3 radical densities in ambient He gas at 1 Torr -- 4.3. C2 and C3 radical densities in ambient He gas at 5 Torr -- 5. Temporal Change in the Total Numbers of C2 and C3 -- 6. Spatiotemporal Variation of Plume Temperature [Sasaki and Aoki (2008)] -- 6.1. Evaluation of plume temperature -- 6.2. Spatial distribution of plume temperature -- 6.3. Temporal variation of plume temperature -- 7. A Scenario for the Growth of Carbon Clusters -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Kinetic and Diagnostic Studies of Carbon Containing Plasmas and Vapors Using Laser Absorption Techniques -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Plasma Chemistry and Reaction Kinetics -- 2.1. General considerations -- 2.2. Molecular microwave plasmas containing hydrocarbons -- 3. Gas-Phase Characterization in Diamond Hot-Filament CVD -- 4. Kinetic Studies and Molecular Spectroscopy of Radicals -- 4.1. Line strengths and transition dipole moment of CH3 -- 4.2. Molecular spectroscopy of the CN radical.

5. Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectroscopy for Plasmas Diagnostics and Control -- 5.1. General considerations -- 5.2. Trace gas measurements using optically resonant cavities -- 5.3. In situ monitoring of plasma etch processes with a QCL arrangement in semiconductor industrial environment -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4 Spectroscopy of Carbon Containing Diatomic Molecules -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Differences between atomic and diatomic spectra -- 1.2. The line strength -- 2. Diatomic Quantum Theory -- 2.1. Diatomic eigenfunctions -- 2.2. Diatomic parity -- 2.3. Homonuclear diatomics -- 2.4. Born-Oppenheimer approximation -- 2.5. Hund's angular momentum coupling cases -- 3. The Diatomic Hamiltonian -- 3.1. The rotational Hamiltonian -- 3.2. The fine structure Hamiltonian -- 3.3. Hamiltonian matrix elements in Hund's case (a) -- 3.4. Centrifugal corrections to molecular parameters -- 4. Finding the Molecular Parameters by Fitting a Measured Spectrum -- 4.1. Example of a spectrum fit -- 5. Diatomic Line Strengths in the Case (a) Basis -- 5.1. RKR potentials and vibrational eigenfunctions -- 5.2. Computation of the diatomic line strength -- 6. Example Applications of Line Strengths -- 6.1. Free spontaneous emission -- 6.2. Using a measured spectrum to infer temperature -- References -- Chapter 5 Optical Emission Spectroscopy of C2 and C3 Molecules in Laser Ablation Carbon Plasma -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Main Sources of C2 and C3 Molecules in Laser Ablation Plume -- 3. OES of C2 and C3 Molecules in Single Pulse Laser Ablation Plasma -- 3.1. Dependence of plume characteristics on ablation parameters -- 3.2. Temporal and spatial profiles of C2 and C3 molecules in laser produced plasma -- 3.3. Temperature determination -- 4. OES of C2 and C3 Molecules in Double Pulse Laser Ablation Plasma.

4.1. Double pulse ablation plasma -- 4.2. Time resolved emission from C2 and C3 molecules in double pulse ablated plasma -- 4.3. Influence of pulse separation on emission intensity enhancement -- 4.4. Influence of laser-laser delay time on the temporal profiles of excited C2 and C3 species in dual-pulse plasma -- 5. Summary Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6 Intra-Cavity Laser Spectroscopy of Carbon Clusters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cluster Formation in Laser Ablation Plume -- 3. Electronic Spectroscopy of Carbon Clusters -- 4. Intra-cavity Laser Spectroscopy -- 5. Experimental Results -- 6. Intra-cavity Absorption Spectra of Carbon Clusters -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 7 Dynamics of Laser-Ablated Carbon Plasma for Thin Film Deposition: Spectroscopic and Imaging Approach -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Details -- 3. Laser-Ablated Plasma in Presence of an Ambient Gas -- 3.1. Optical emission spectroscopy -- 3.2. Fast photography -- 3.3. Lased-induced fluorescence -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 8 Laser Spectroscopy of Transient Carbon Species in the Context of Soot Formation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Soot Formation Chemistry -- 2.1. Radical mechanism of soot formation -- 2.2. Ionic mechanism of soot formation -- 2.3. Some interesting transient carbon species -- 3. General Experimental Approaches and Instrumentation -- 3.1. Experimental set-up -- 3.2. Production of transient carbon species -- 4. Methods of Laser Spectroscopy -- 4.1. Laser absorption spectroscopy -- 4.2. Laser-magnetic resonance (LMR) -- 4.3. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) -- 4.4. Nonlinear laser spectroscopy -- 4.5. Multi-photon ionization spectroscopy -- 5. Overview and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Chapter 9 Developing New Production and Observation Methods for Various Sized Carbon Nanomaterials from Clusters to Nanotubes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 2.1. Pulsed Arc Discharge of and Property Measurements on DWNTs -- 2.2. Ion Mobility and Mass Spectrometry -- 2.3. High-pressure Laser Vaporization -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Production and Characterization of DWNTs by High-temperature Pulsed Arc Discharge -- 3.2. Purification of DWNTs, and their properties -- 3.3. DWNT AFM tips -- 3.4. DWNT Field Effect Transistor -- 3.5. Ion Mobility and Mass Spectrometry -- 3.6. Production of Large Carbon Clusters -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Theoretical -- Chapter 10 Potential Model for Molecular Dynamics of Carbon -- 1. History of Potential Model for Carbon -- 2. The Modified Brenner REBO Potential -- 3. Interlayer Intermolecular Potential -- 4. Application to Plasma-Wall Interaction -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 11 Electronic and Molecular Structures of Small- and Medium-Sized Carbon Clusters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Small and Medium-Sized Carbon Clusters -- 2.1. Linear Cn -- 2.2. Cyclic Cn -- 3. Even C2n -- 3.1. C4 -- 3.2. C6 -- 3.3. C8 -- 3.4. C10 -- 3.5. C2n, n = 6 - 9 (C12, C14, C16, and C18) -- 4. Odd C2n+1 -- 4.1. C5 -- 4.2. C7 -- 4.3. C9 -- 4.4. C2n+1, n = 5 - 7 (C11, C13, and C15) -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12 Vibrational Spectroscopy of Linear Carbon Chains -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Computational Details -- 3. Infinite Chains -- 3.1. Geometric Structure -- 3.2. Electronic Structure -- 3.3. Phonon Structure -- 4. Finite Approach - Will Finite Become Infinite? -- 4.1. Geometric Structure of Finite Chains -- 4.2. Electronic Structure of Finite Chains -- 4.3. Vibrational Structure of Finite Chains -- 5. Vibrational Spectra -- 6. Conclusions -- References.

Chapter 13 Dynamics Simulations of Fullerene and SWCNT Formation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Present Status of SWNT Formation Processes -- 2.1. Experimental techniques for SWNT synthesis -- 2.2. Hypothetical models of SWNT formation mechanisms -- 2.3. Molecular force field modeling of TM-catalyzed SWNT formation -- 3. QM/MD Simulations of Fullerene Formation and SWNT Growth Processes -- 3.1. Computational methodology for high-temperature QM/MD simulations -- 3.2. High-temperature QM/MD simulations of carbon: Polyyne chains are everywhere -- 3.3. The self-assembly mechanism of fullerenes in QM/MD simulations -- 3.4. Importance of quantum chemical potential in carbon nanochemistry -- 3.5. Importance of carbon flux for self-assembly processes -- 3.6. Fe/C interactions during SWNT growth in carbon vapor -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14 Mechanisms of Carbon Gasification Reactions Using Electronic Structure Methods -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Molecular Systems and Model Chemistries -- 3. Oxidation Reactions -- 4. CO2 Interaction with Carbon Surfaces -- 5. Hydrogenation Reactions -- 6. CO Interaction with Carbon Surfaces -- 7. Catalyzed Reactions -- 8. Carbon-NOx reactions -- 9. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Appendix (Calculations output) -- Index.