Contents -- Foreword -- 1. The Absolute Truth -- 1.1 Final Truth -- 1.2 Two Important Questions -- 1.3 Why Does the Cosmos Exist? -- 1.4 Are the Laws of Nature Independent of the Observer's Own Nature? -- 1.5 Self-Indulgence was Dominant -- 1.6 Newton's Mechanics and Its Overestimation -- 1.6.1 Instead of Gods, Capricious Fairies etc. We Have the Equations of Motion -- 1.6.2 Lamettrie and the Monistic Picture of Man -- 1.6.3 Conclusion -- 1.7 Scientific Realism -- 1.8 An Important Principle: As Little Outside World as Possible -- 1.9 Inside World and Outside World -- 1.9.1 One-to-One Correspondence? -- 1.9.2 Cinema and Cinema Ticket -- 1.9.3 Summary -- 1.10 Principal Questions -- 1.10.1 Are Picture-Independent Physical Considerations Possible? -- 1.10.2 Why Do We and the Cosmos Exist? -- 1.11 How Does Science Progress? -- 1.11.1 Science Progresses by Eliminating the Number of Unanswered Questions -- 1.11.2 Principle of Propagation of Questions -- 1.11.3 Substitution Instead of Successive Refinement -- 1.11.4 Summary -- 1.12 Final Remarks -- 2. The Projection Principle -- 2.1 The Elements of Space and Time -- 2.2 Relationship between Matter and Space-Time -- 2.3 Two Relevant Features -- 2.3.1 Feature 1 -- 2.3.2 Feature 2 -- 2.4 Two Kinds of "Objects" -- 2.5 Perception Processes -- 2.5.1 The Experiment with Inverting Goggles -- 2.5.2 Space and Time Come into Existence by Specific Brain Functions -- 2.6 Inside World and Outside World -- 2.7 The Influence of Evolution -- 2.8 Information in the Picture Versus Information in Basic Reality (Outside Reality) -- 2.9 Other Biological Systems -- 2.10 How Many (Geometrical) Objects can be in Space-Time? -- 2.11 Two Types of Space-Time? -- 2.12 Summary -- 3. Fictitious Realities -- 3.1 Conventional Quantum Theory: Critical Remarks -- 3.1.1 A Diversity of Opinion.

3.1.2 Some Specific Problems within Conventional Quantum Theory -- 3.2 The Projection Principle in Connection with Fictitious Realities -- 3.2.1 Alternative Realities -- 3.2.2 Relationships -- 3.2.3 Sequences -- 3.3 Distribution of Information -- 3.4 Basic Transformation Effects -- 3.4.1 Particles -- 3.4.2 Role of Time t -- 3.4.3 Non-Local Effects -- 3.4.4 Conclusion -- 3.5 Pictures within Projection Theory -- 3.6 Auxiliary Constructions -- 3.6.1 Energy within Conventional Physics -- 3.6.2 The Physical Laws of Basic Reality -- 3.6.3 Remark -- 3.7 Basic Laws -- 3.7.1 Stationary Case -- 3.7.2 Non-Stationary Case -- 3.7.3 Discussion -- 3.8 Extension of Conventional Quantum Theory -- 3.9 Only Processes are Relevant! -- 3.9.1 Free Systems -- 3.9.2 Principle of Usefulness -- 3.9.3 Real Situation -- 3.9.4 Summary -- 3.10 Interactions -- 3.10.1 What Does Interaction Mean within Projection Theory? -- 3.10.2 Delocalized Systems in (p, E)-Space -- 3.10.3 Abstract Interaction Laws -- 3.11 Distance-Independent Interactions -- 3.11.1 General Remarks -- 3.11.2 Principal Analysis -- 3.11.3 Basic Equations in the Case of Distance-Independent Interactions -- 3.11.4 No Exchange of "Space-Time Pieces" -- 3.12 Arbitrary Jumps within (r, t )-Space -- 3.12.1 The (p, E)-Distributions -- 3.12.2 Effective Velocities -- 3.13 Mach's Principle: Preliminary Remarks -- 3.13.1 The Situation in Conventional Physics -- 3.13.2 The Situation within Projection Theory -- 3.14 Can a Lone, Elementary Object Exist in the Cosmos? -- 3.15 The Meaning of the Potential Functions -- 3.15.1 Interaction within Conventional Physics -- 3.15.2 Interaction within Projection Theory -- 3.15.3 Further Remarks -- 3.15.4 Conventional Physics: What Mechanism is Behind the Interaction? -- 1. "Action-at-a-distance" -- 2. Proximity effect -- 3.15.5 Equivalent Conceptions.

3.15.6 The Mechanical-Corpuscular World View -- 3.15.7 "Spring" between the Masses -- 3.15.8 Conclusion -- 3.15.9 The Statements of Projection Theory -- 3.15.10 Interaction: Final Remarks -- 3.16 Time -- 3.16.1 Properties of Probability Distributions -- 3.16.2 The System-Specific Time -- 3.16.2.1 Reference Time and Selection Processes -- 3.16.2.2 Structure of Reference Time -- 3.16.2.3 Selections -- 3.16.3 Information Inside, Information Outside -- 3.16.4 Reality Outside -- 3.16.5 Constancy Phenomena -- 3.16.6 Information in Connection with Space-Time Points -- 3.16.7 Time within Special Theory of Relativity -- 3.17 Time Travel in Physics -- 3.17.1 Time Travel to the Past within the Theory of Relativity -- 3.17.1.1 Paradoxes -- 3.17.1.2 Shaking Hands with the Younger Self -- 3.17.2 Physical Solutions -- 3.17.2.1 Two Relevant Interpretations of Conventional Quantum Theory -- 3.17.2.2 Argument of Self-Consistency -- 3.17.2.3 Chronology Protection Conjecture -- 3.17.3 Time Travel within Projection Theory -- 3.17.3.1 Reference Time Structures for N Observers -- 3.17.3.2 Situation in Conventional Physics (Newton's Mechanics) -- 3.17.3.3 Observations and Descriptions -- 3.17.3.4 Only the Material Part of an Observer is Depictable in (r, t )-Space -- 3.17.3.5 Two Kinds of Selection -- 3.17.3.6 Local Changes -- 3.17.3.7 Time Shifts -- 3.17.3.8 Decoupling of Subsystems -- 3.17.3.9 Configurations at Various Times -- 3.17.4 Final Remarks -- 3.18 Summary -- 4. Basic Reality and Levels of Reality -- 4.1 Hard Objects -- 4.1.1 Outside World and Basic Reality -- 4.1.2 The "Hard Objects" are Elements of the Brain -- 4.2 General Physical Laws -- 4.2.1 The Hard Objects in Front of us and the Physical Laws are Equally States of the Observer's Brain -- 4.2.2 Specific Models -- 4.2.3 Can a General Physical Law be Deduced from its Specific Solutions?.

4.2.4 States of Matter, States of Mind -- 4.2.4.1 What Can a Specific System "see"? -- 4.2.4.2 Conclusion -- 4.2.4.3 Atoms with Mind? -- 4.2.4.4 Level of General Arguments -- 4.2.4.5 Levels of Reality -- 4.3 States of Mind -- 4.3.1 Brain Functions -- 4.3.2 Conclusion: The "States of Mind" cannot be described by the "States of Matter" -- 4.4 Outside World and Basic Reality -- 4.4.1 Descriptions and Observations -- 4.4.2 Everyday Life Experiences -- 4.4.3 Other Levels of Reality -- 4.4.3.1 Level of Macroscopic Objects -- 4.4.3.2 Level of Basic Rules -- 4.4.3.3 Level of Technological Developments -- 4.4.3.4 The Various Levels Represent States of the Brain -- 4.5 Objectivation Processes -- 4.5.1 Objectivation by Thinking (Conscious Objectivation) -- 4.5.2 Constancy Phenomena (Unconscious Objectivation) -- 4.5.3 Conclusion -- 4.6 Observations -- 4.6.1 Objects on Various Levels -- 4.6.2 Levels of Observations -- 4.6.3 Other Biological Systems -- 4.6.4 Concluding Statements -- 4.7 No Interactions within (r,t )-Space -- 4.7.1 Classical Mechanics and Usual Quantum Theory become mere Calculation Schemes -- 4.7.2 An Example -- 4.7.3 Application of the Results Deduced in Projection Theory -- 4.7.4 Conclusion -- 4.8 The General cannot be Deduced from the Particular -- 4.8.1 Concept of Induction -- 4.8.2 New Ideas are Needed -- 4.8.3 Where do Ideas come from? -- 4.8.4 Positivism -- 4.8.5 Groping in all Directions -- 4.8.6 The Viewpoint of Usual Physics -- 4.8.7 The Viewpoint of Projection Theory -- 4.9 Remarks on the Notion "World Equation" -- 4.9.1 Situation within Projection Theory -- 4.9.2 World Equation within Usual Physics -- 4.9.3 World Equation within Theory of Science -- 4.10 On the Anthropic Principle -- 4.10.1 Everything Seems to Revolve around Man -- 4.10.2 Measurements -- 4.10.3 Human-specific Information and Measurement.

4.10.4 Evolutionary Processes and Level Analysis -- 4.10.5 Conclusion -- 4.10.6 Anthropic Principle: Solutions within usual Physics -- 4.11 Summary -- 5. Cosmological Constant and Physical Reality -- 5.1 Introductory Remarks -- 5.2 The Cosmological Constant -- 5.2.1 Quantum Field Theoretical Calculation of -- 5.2.2 Emptying the Vacuum!? -- 5.2.3 Important Experimental Findings and Mechanisms -- 5.2.4 Proposals for the Elimination of the Vacuum Energy -- 5.2.4.1 Fine-Tuning -- 5.2.4.2 Supersymmetry -- 5.2.4.3 Strings -- 5.2.4.4 Worm Holes -- 5.2.4.5 Projection Theory -- 5.2.5 Another Peculiarity: Two Types of Energy -- 5.2.6 Concluding Remarks Concerning -- 5.3 Critical Remarks on Basic Quantum Theory -- 5.3.1 Basic Elements for Vacuum Description -- 5.3.2 Remarks Concerning Special Theory of Relativity -- 5.3.3 Remarks Concerning Usual Quantum Theory -- 5.3.4 Specific Problems -- 5.3.4.1 Schrödinger's Equation -- 5.3.4.2 On the Symmetry between Space and Time -- 5.3.4.3 Bunge's Critique -- 5.3.4.4 Conclusion and Outlook -- 5.4 Projection Theory and the Emptying of Space-Time -- 5.4.1 The Basic Principle -- 5.4.2 Projections from Alternative Realities onto Space-Time -- 5.4.2.1 Other Spaces, Fourier-Space -- 5.4.2.2 Reality and its Picture -- 5.4.3 Further Basic Properties -- 5.4.4 Uncertainty Relation for Time and Energy within Projection Theory -- 5.4.4.1 Mean Values -- 5.4.4.2 Shift of the Wavefunctions -- 5.4.4.3 Formulation of the Uncertainty Relation for Time and Energy -- 5.4.5 Cosmological Constant within Projection Theory -- 5.5 Artificial Vacuum Effects!? -- 5.5.1 Mach's Principle -- 5.5.1.1 Empty Space within General Theory of Relativity -- 5.5.1.2 The Effect of Inertia -- 5.5.1.3 Where Does Inertia Come From? -- 5.5.2 Basic Features of Space and Time -- 5.5.2.1 Facts -- 5.5.2.2 Einstein's Substratum-Idea -- 5.5.3 Conclusion.

5.6 On the Observation of Physically Real Processes.