Introduction to Communication Systems Simulation -- Contents -- Preface xiii -- 1 Elements of a Communication System 1 -- 1.1 The Transmitter 1 -- 1.1.1 The Data Source 1 -- 1.1.2 Source Encoding 1 -- 1.1.3 Forward Error Correction 6 -- 1.1.4 Interleaving 7 -- 1.1.5 Baseband Filtering 8 -- 1.1.6 Modulation 8 -- 1.2 The Transmission Channel 8 -- 1.2.1 Additive White Gaussian Noise 9 -- 1.2.2 Interference 9 -- 1.2.3 Fading 9 -- 1.3 Receiver 10 -- 1.3.1 Frequency Offset 10 -- 1.3.2 Phase Offset 10 -- 1.3.3 Timing Offset 11 -- 1.3.4 Data Recovery 11 -- 1.4 Conclusion 11 -- Selected Bibliography 11 -- 2 Linear Time Invariant Systems 13 -- 2.1 LTI Systems 13 -- 2.2 Fourier Transform (FT) Theory 15 -- 2.3 The Digital Fourier Transform 17 -- 2.4 DFT Windows 21 -- 2.5 The Fast Fourier Transform 25 -- 2.6 Conclusion 27 -- Selected Bibliography 27 -- 3 Sampling 29 -- 3.1 The Sampling Operation 29 -- 3.2 The Nyquist Sampling Theorem 33 -- 3.3 Recovering the Signal from Its Samples 38 -- 3.4 Band-Pass Sampling 41 -- 3.5 Conclusion 44 -- Selected Bibliography 45 -- 4 Filters 47 -- 4.1 General Considerations 47 -- 4.2 The Laplace Transform 50 -- 4.3 Poles, Zeros, and Stability 51 -- 4.4 The Two Worlds of a Filter 53 -- 4.4.1 Infinite Impulse Response filters 53 -- 4.4.2 Finite Impulse Response Filters 54 -- 4.5 The z Transform 54 -- 4.6 From s to z 55 -- 4.7 Frequency Warping 58 -- 4.8 The IIR Filter 59 -- 4.9 General Implementation of a Filter of Form N(z)/D(z) 61 -- 4.10 Practical Consideration in IIR Filter Simulation 62 -- 4.11 Conclusion 63 -- Selected Bibliography 63 -- 5 Digital Detection 65 -- 5.1 The Vector Channel 65 -- 5.2 The Waveform Channel 68 -- 5.3 The Matched Filter Receiver 69 -- 5.4 From Signals to Vectors 73 -- 5.5 The I, Q Vector Space 76 -- 5.6 Conclusion 77 -- Selected Bibliography 77 -- 6 Modulation 79.

6.1 Amplitude Modulation (MASK) 79 -- 6.2 Frequency Modulation (MFSK) 79 -- 6.3 Phase Modulation (MPSK) 83 -- 6.4 p/4 DQPSK Modulation 86 -- 6.5 Offset QPSK Modulation 86 -- 6.6 QAM Modulation 86 -- 6.7 MSK Modulation 88 -- 6.8 OFDM Modulation 89 -- 6.9 Pulse Position Modulation 92 -- 6.10 Pulse Width Modulation 93 -- 6.11 GSM EDGE Modulation 93 -- 6.12 Spread Spectrum Modulation 94 -- 6.12.1 Frequency Hopping 96 -- 6.12.2 Direct Sequence Pseudo Noise 96 -- 6.13 Conclusion 102 -- Selected Bibliography 102 -- 7 Demodulation 103 -- 7.1 In-Phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) Down Conversion Process 103 -- 7.2 Low-Pass Filtering 104 -- 7.2.1 CIC Filter 105 -- 7.2.2 Polyphase Filter 105 -- 7.2.3 Half Band Filter 106 -- 7.3 Offset Parameter Recovery 107 -- 7.3.1 Frequency Offset 107 -- 7.3.2 Data Timing 110 -- 7.4 Phase/Frequency Recovery 112 -- 7.4.1 BPSK 113 -- 7.4.2 QPSK 114 -- 7.4.3 Decision Feedback 115 -- 7.5 Conclusion 115 -- Selected Bibliography 117 -- 8 Baseband Pulse Shaping 119 -- 8.1 Baseband Pulse Analyses 119 -- 8.2 The Raised Cosine Pulse 122 -- 8.3 Intersymbol Interference and Eye Diagrams 125 -- 8.4 The Root Raised Cosine Filter 128 -- 8.5 Conclusion 129 -- Selected Bibliography 130 -- 9 Bit Error Rate Calculations 131 -- 9.1 The BER Measurement Process 131 -- 9.2 System Group Delay 133 -- 9.3 Eb/N0 Calibration 135 -- 9.3.1 Physical RF World Simulation 135 -- 9.3.2 Standard BER Runs 137 -- 9.4 Conclusion 137 -- Selected Bibliography 137 -- 10 Channel Models 139 -- 10.1 Flat Fading 139 -- 10.2 Rician Flat Fade 142 -- 10.3 The Jakes Model 143 -- 10.4 Frequency Selective Fading 144 -- 10.5 Effects of Fading on BER Performance 146 -- 10.6 Mitigating Fading 148 -- 10.6.1 Equalizers 148 -- 10.6.2 Diversity 153 -- 10.7 Conclusion 154 -- Selected Bibliography 154 -- 11 Nonlinear Amplifiers 155 -- 11.1 Intercept and Compression Points 155.

11.2 TWT 159 -- 11.3 Spur Charts 159 -- 11.4 Conclusion 162 -- Selected Bibliography 162 -- 12 Baseband Simulation 163 -- 12.1 Basic Concept 163 -- 12.2 Pass-Band Filtering 164 -- 12.3 Baseband Noise 166 -- 12.4 Conclusion 167 -- Selected Bibliography 167 -- 13 Ultra-Wideband Systems 169 -- 13.1 Direct Sequence DS-UWB Systems 170 -- 13.1.1 Scrambler 170 -- 13.1.2 Forward Error Correction 171 -- 13.1.3 Puncturing 171 -- 13.1.4 Interleaver 172 -- 13.1.5 Modulation 173 -- 13.2 Multiband OFDM UWB-Multiband OFDM Alliance Systems 178 -- 13.2.1 FEC Coding 180 -- 13.2.2 Puncturing 181 -- 13.2.3 Modulation 181 -- 13.2.4 Carrier Modulation Frequency Agility 184 -- 13.3 Conclusion 184 -- Selected Bibliography 184 -- APPENDIX A -- APPENDIX B -- B.1 Probability Theory 187 -- B.1.1 Axioms of Probability 187 -- B.1.2 Dice Example 187 -- B.1.3 Conditional Probability 189 -- B.2 Random Variables 190 -- B.2.1 The Gaussian Random Variable 191 -- B.2.2 The Uniform Distribution 193 -- Selected Bibliography 193 -- APPENDIX C -- Error Correcting Codes 195 -- C.1 Block Codes 195 -- C.1.1 Generating the Codes 195 -- C.2 Convolutional Codes 201 -- C.2.1 Punctured Codes 203 -- C.2.2 Decoding Convolutional Codes 204 -- C.2.3 Hard Versus Soft Decoding 205 -- Selected Bibliography 206 -- APPENDIX D -- Trivia Question 207 -- Selected Bibliography 207 -- About the Author 209 -- Index 211.