TABLE OF CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- Part I. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Regulating Neuronal Activity -- Chapter 1. THE UNIT ANALYSIS OF NERVOUS ACTIVITY -- Unit Activity in Reflexes -- Motor Discharges from the Respiratory Center -- Discharges from the Motor Cortex -- The Regulation of Voluntary Activity -- The Nature of the Central Excitatory Process -- The Functions of the Sense Organs and the Adrian-Bronk Law -- The Gradation of Autonomic Activity -- Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 2. THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AND CENTRAL NERVOUS ACTIVITY -- Cortical Activity and the Oxygen Supply -- Variations in the Blood Sugar Level -- The Interaction of Anoxia and the Blood Sugar -- Carbon Dioxide and the Electroencephalogram -- The Electroencephalogram, Water Balance, and Cerebral Excitability -- The Action of Ions on Ganglion Cells -- Hormones and the Excitability of the Brain -- Concluding Remarks -- Part II. Contributions to the Physiology and Pathology of Movements -- Chapter 3. THE MOTOR CORTEX AND THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MOVEMENTS -- Multiplicity of Representation of Movements in the Motor Cortex versus the Mosaic Hypothesis -- Electromyography as an Indicator of Movements Induced by Stimulation of the Motor Cortex -- General Characteristics of the Effects of Electrical Stimulation of the Motor Cortex -- Multiple Representation in Threshold Responses -- Patterns of Movements Resulting from Stimulation of the Motor Cortex -- Proprioception and Cortically Induced Movements -- Nociceptive Impulses and Cortically Induced Movements -- Proprioception and Reflex Activity -- Nociceptive Impulses and Reflex Activity -- Chapter 4. VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS, MOTOR CORTEX, AND REFLEX ACTIVITY -- Proprioception and Willed Movements -- Sensorimotor Integration in the Visual Sphere -- The Unity of Sensation and Movement -- The Central Position of the Spinal Cord.

The Interaction of Willed Movements with Spinal Reflexes -- The Motor Cortex and the Variability of Movements -- Levels of Integration in Willed Movements -- Chapter 5. THE RESTITUTION OF MOVEMENTS AFTER CENTRAL LESIONS -- The Restitution of Muscle Function after Partial Denervation -- The Restitution of Motor Functions after Lesions in the Motor Area -- The Significance of Sensorimotor Disintegration -- The So-Called Plasticity of the Central Nervous System -- Learning and the Hierarchical Structure of Motor Functions -- Re-education after Central Motor Lesions -- Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 6. ELECTROMYOGRAPHY -- Physiological Observations of Muscle Action -- Electromyography in Diseases of the Central Nervous System -- The Temporal Relations of Unit Discharges -- The Electromyogram as an Indicator of Peripheral Nerve Conduction in Man -- Electromyographic Studies of Nervous Discharges in Ischemia and Hypocalcemia and Their Relation to Tetany -- Electromyographic Studies of the Function of the Neuromuscular Junction -- Fibrillation -- Summary -- Chapter 7. STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL CONVULSIONS -- Acetylcholine and Cortical Activity -- Acetylcholine and Convulsive Activity -- Anoxia and Convulsive Activity -- Anoxia and Electroshock -- Convulsions and Release from Cortical Inhibition -- Application to Epilepsy -- The Brain Stem in Anoxic and Hypoglycemic Convulsions -- The Relation of Anoxic to Hypoglycemic Convulsions -- The Oxygen Consumption of the Convulsive Neuron -- Temperature and Convulsions -- The Role of Afferent, Particularly Nociceptive, Impulses in the Precipitation and Inhibition of Convulsions -- Further Studies on the Mechanism Involved in the Precipitation of Convulsions -- Convulsions and Sleep -- Proprioceptive Impulses and Convulsive Activity -- The Behavior of the Motor Unit in Convulsions.

Carotid Sinus Reflexes and Convulsions -- Age and Convulsions -- Concluding Remarks -- Part III. The Physiological Basis of Consciousness -- Chapter 8. AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM -- Chapter 9. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF CONSCIOUSNESS -- The Electroencephalogram in Sleep -- The Central Control of Sleep -- The Role of the Diffuse Thalamic Systems -- The Arousal Reaction -- Further Studies on the Arousal Reaction and Its Relation to the Activity of Subcortical Structures -- Application to Problems of Epilepsy: The Hypothalamus and the Spread of Convulsive Activity -- Chapter 10. THE PATHOLOGY OF CONSCIOUSNESS -- The Physiology of the Phantom Limb -- On the Difference between Sleep, Anesthesia, and Experimental Coma -- A Tentative Summary -- Lesions in the Brain Stem and Coma -- Convulsive Activity and Consciousness -- Consciousness and Its Dependence on Respiratory and Circulatory Functions -- Concluding Remarks -- Part IV. Some Aspects of Autonomic Physiology -- Chapter 11. NEUROHUMORS AND NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM -- The Older Work on Sympathin -- The Newer Work on Sympathin -- The Nature of the Secreted Adrenalin -- The Nature of the Sympathetico- Adrenal Discharge -- Acetylcholine and Parasympathetic Effectors -- Humoral Transmission through Autonomic Ganglia -- Is Acetylcholine Responsible for Nervous Conduction? -- Acetylcholine and the Central Nervous System -- The Action of Tetraethylammonium Chloride on the Central Nervous System -- Sympathin, Tetraethylammonium Chloride, and Hypertension -- The Supersensitivity of Denervated Structures -- Chapter 12. THE EYE AS AN INDICATOR OF AUTONOMIC ACTIVITY -- Some Observations on the Innervation of the Iris -- The Blood Pressure and the Pupil -- Pain and the Pupil -- The Pupil in Anoxia and Asphyxia -- The Sensitized Pupil and Nictitating Membrane.

The Role, of the Central Nervous System in Pupillary Dilatation and Contraction of the Nictitating Membrane -- The Nature of Parasympathetically Induced Pupillary Dilatation -- Pupillary Constriction -- Somato-Autonomic Integrations of Ocular Reactions -- On the Pharmacology of the Eye -- Concluding Remarks -- Part V. Integrations -- Chapter 13. PRINCIPLES OF NEURO-ENDOCRINE ACTION -- The Neural Control of Insulin Secretion -- The Adrenal Medulla -- The Neural Factor in the Secretion of the Antidiuretic Hormone of the Posterior Pituitary -- The Nervous Regulation of the Pressor Hormone of the Neurohypophysis -- The Nervous Regulation of the Oxytocic Hormone -- The Nervous Regulation of the Gonadotrophic Hormones -- The Relation of the Sympathetico-Adrenal System to the Adrenal Cortex -- Can Thyroid Secretion Be Modified by Neurogenic Discharges? -- The Neural Control of the Secretion of the Thyrotrophic Hormone -- Conclusions -- Chapter 14. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF EMOTION -- The Sympathetic Discharge in Emotion -- The Parasympathetic Discharge in Emotion -- Autonomic Discharges in Human Emotion -- The Hypothalamus and Autonomic Discharges in Emotion -- The Somatic Discharge in Emotion -- Hypothalamic-Endocrine Relations in Emotion -- The Hypothalamic-Cortical Discharge in Emotion -- The Influence of the Cortex on the Hypothalamus -- Hypothalamic Lesions and Emotion -- The Arousal of Emotion -- Concluding Remarks and Summary -- Chapter 15. FACTORS INVOLVED IN CONDITIONING -- General Characteristics of the Conditioned Reaction -- The Nervous Structures Involved in the Conditioned Reflex -- The Nature of the Conditioning Process -- Shock Therapy and Conditioning -- The Cortex and Conditioning -- Hormones and Conditioning -- Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 16. HOMEOSTASIS -- Ontogenetic and Phylogenetic Aspects -- Homeostasis and the Endocrines.

The Role of the Sympathetico-Adrenal System -- The Significance of Homeostasis for the Heart and Brain -- Homeostasis as an Organismic Reaction -- Somato-Autonomic Integration of Cortical and Diencephalic Origin in the Service of Homeostasis -- Subsidiary Mechanisms of Homeostasis -- The Suppressor Areas and the Homeostasis of Cortical Functions -- The Brain Stem and Cortical Homeostasis -- Brain Circulation and Homeostasis -- The Homeostatic Action of Adrenalin on the Autonomic Nervous System -- The Homeostatic Action of Adrenalin on the Somatic Nervous System -- Shock and the Secretion of Adrenalin -- Concluding Remarks on the Homeostasis of the Internal Environment -- Chapter 17. THE CONSTANCY OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT -- Visual Orientation Reactions -- Phenomena of Constancy -- The Role of the Cortex in the Apparent Constancy of the External Environment -- Part VI. Applications -- Chapter 18. SCHIZOPHRENIA, THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, AND SHOCK THERAPY -- Autonomic Reactions in Schizophrenia -- The Endocrines and the Autonomic System in Schizophrenia -- Cortico-Hypothalamic Relations in Schizophrenia -- Electroshock and Related Procedures -- Insulin Hypoglycemia, Sleep Treatment, and the Autonomic System -- Some Modifications of Shock Therapy -- Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 19. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE THERAPY -- The Action of Non-Narcotic Doses of Carbon Dioxide on the Somatic Nervous System -- The Excitatory Effects of Carbon Dioxide -- The Effect of High Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide -- The Physiological Basis of Carbon Dioxide Therapy -- Chapter 20. PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE THERAPY OF PSYCHONEUROSES AND FUNCTIONAL PSYCHOSES -- Autonomic Tests in Mental Disorders -- Experimental Analysis of Autonomic Tests -- Summary and Application -- BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF AUTHORS -- SUBJECT INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D.

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