Preface -- Key to transliteration of the Cyrillic alphabet -- Part I. INTRODUCTION -- Ethnographical Studies in the USSR, 1965-1969 -- 50 Years of Studies in Anthropological Composition of Population in the USSR -- Part II. ETHNOLOGY -- The Notion of "Ethnos" and Typology of Ethnic Communities -- The Term Ethnos and its Definition -- On the Concept of Ethnic Community -- Contemporary Ethnic Processes in the USSR -- Experience of a Socio-Ethnic Survey (Relating to the Tatar ASSR) -- Contemporary Ethnocultural Processes in Udmurtia (Program and Method of Investigation) -- Social Organization -- Early Forms of Family and Marriage in the Light of Soviet Ethnography -- "Military Democracy" and the Epoch of Class Formation -- A Description of Systems of Kinship Terminology -- Problems of Culture Studies -- Review of the Book Ocherki teorii kultury [Essays on the Theory of Culture] -- Methods of Ethnographic Research into Material Culture -- Modernization in Non-European Urbicultures -- Ethnology and Adjoining Sciences -- Atlas of the World Population (Basic Problems of Demographic-Ethnographic Cartography) -- Toponymy and Language (On the Problem of Differentiating the Substratum of Geographical Place-Name Areas) -- Part III. ANTHROPOLOGY -- Problems of Anthropogenesis and General Questions of Anthropology -- Patterns in the Links between Characteristics in Anthropology -- Basic Trends in the Adaptive Radiation of the Apes at the End of the Tertiary and the Beginning of the Quaternary Periods -- Problems of Race Studies -- About Racial Differentiation of the Human Species. Primary Centers of Race Formation -- Essay on the Graphical Presentation of the Genealogical Classification of Human Races -- Dental Anthropology and the Historical Sciences -- Genetic-Geographical Zones of Eastern Europe by ABO Blood Groups -- List of abbreviations -- References.