MATERIALS AND MAN'S NEEDS -- PREFACE -- Contents -- CHAPTER 4 NATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND THE ROLE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- INTRODUCTION -- The Nature of National Goals -- The Relevance-Tree Approach -- TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS -- The Nature of Telecommunications -- Dimensions of the Telecommunications Sector -- Dependence of TC's on Hardware and Materials -- Government Involvement in Telecommunications -- Tomorrow's TC Technologies -- SPACE AND DEFENSE -- U.S. Space Program -- Materials Development and Space Achievements -- Material Needs of the Space Program -- Some Observations Regarding Materials in Space Technology -- Note on Materials Science and Engineering in National Defense -- NATIONAL GOALS IN ELECTRIC POWER -- Public Policy and National Goals -- The Structure of the Industry -- Industry Changes and Legislation -- Future Technologies -- Materials for Electric Power -- Critical Problems in Materials Use and Development -- Summary and Conclusions -- Additional Note on Materials Research Problems -- Industrial Processes -- Breeder Reactor -- High-Temperature Gas Turbines -- Magnetohydrodynamic Generator (MHD) -- Solid-State Electrolyte Batteries -- Superconducting Materials -- TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIALS NEEDS -- Changing Goals in Transportation -- A Spectrum of National Goals in Transportation -- Major Impacts of Technology on Transportation -- Materials Technology for Ground Transportation -- Materials Technology for Marine Transportation -- Materials Technology for Commercial and Military Aircraft -- Low-Temperature Composites -- High-Temperature Composites -- Oriented Eutectics -- Conclusion -- HEALTH CARE GOALS AND MATERIALS NEEDS -- Changing National Health Goals and Institutions -- The Structure of the Health Care Industry- Present and Planned -- Supplies and Materials -- Biomaterials Future.

Additional Note on Materials Research Problems -- Materials in Orthopedic Surgery -- Materials in Cardiovascular Surgery -- Other Materials-Limited Areas -- Summary and Outlook -- ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND MATERIALS NEEDS -- Background -- Specific Areas of Concern -- Water Pollution -- Air Pollution -- Solid Wastes -- Toxic Substances -- Additional Opportunities for Materials Science and Engineering in Environmental Control -- HOUSING GOALS AND MATERIALS NEEDS -- The Federal Role-A Broad Summary -- Changing National Housing Goals -- Recent Trends -- The Federal Interest in Housing Technology -- The Housing Industry -- Housing Costs -- Directions in Housing Technology -- Opportunities for Materials Innovation -- Roadblocks -- Materials Development -- Examples of Materials Development in the Industry -- Plastics-Based Materials -- Structural Sandwiches -- Encouragement of Innovation -- Prediction of Behavior -- Fire Endurance -- NOTE ON NEEDS IN CONSUMER GOODS, PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT, AND AUTOMATION -- CHALLENGES IN THE MATERIALS CYCLE -- Exploration -- Mining -- Extraction -- Renewable Resources -- Resource Substitution -- Processing, Manufacturing -- Environmental Effects -- Improved Performance -- Functional Substitution -- Product Design -- Recovery, Recycling -- PRIORITIES IN GOAL-ORIENTED MATERIALS RESEARCH -- CHAPTER 5 PRIORITIES IN MATERIALS RESEARCH -- COSMAT PRIORITY SURVEY -- The Questionnaire -- The Respondees -- Overall Importance of Materials Science and Engineering -- PRIORITIES FOR BASIC RESEARCH -- Priorities for Basic Research by Groups Based on Personal Data -- Ratings of Priority for Basic Research by Experts in Each Specialty -- Overall Priority for Basic Research -- Comments on Priority for Basic Research -- Atomic Structure (150) -- Microstructure (Electron Microscope Level) (137) -- Microstructure (Optical Microscope Level) (108).

Thermodynamic (116) -- Thermal (72) -- Mechanical and Acoustic (150) -- Optical (74) -- Electrical (117) -- Magnetic (60) -- Dielectric (51) -- Nuclear (58) -- Chemical, Electrochemical and Surface Properties (152) -- Biological (86) -- Ceramics (111) -- Glasses and Amorphous Materials (122) -- Elemental and Compound Semiconductors (84) -- Inorganic, Non-Metallic Elements and Compounds (68) -- Ferrous Metals and Alloys (60) -- Non-Ferrous Structural Metals and Alloys (73) -- Non-Ferrous Conducting Metals and Alloys (43) -- Plastics (90) -- Fibers and Textiles (30) -- Rubbers (17) -- Composites (117) -- Organic and Organo-Metallic Compounds (45) -- Thin Films (76) -- Adhesives, Coatings, Finishes, Seals (56) -- Lubricants, Oils, Solvents, Cleansers (22) -- Prosthetic and Medical Materials (54) -- Plain and Reinforced Concrete (26) -- Asphaltic and Bituminous Materials (11) -- Wood and Paper (20) -- Extraction, Purification, Refining (85) -- Synthesis and Polymerization (70) -- Solidification and Crystal Growth (97) -- Metal Deformation and Processing(48) -- Plastics Extrusion and Molding (7) -- Heat Treatment (48) -- Material Removal (29) -- Joining (68) -- Powder Processing (48) -- Vapor and Electrodeposition, Epitaxy (44) -- Radiation Treatment (54) -- Plating and Coating (39) -- Chemical (35) -- Testing and Non-Destructive Testing (123) -- APPLIED RESEARCH -- PRIORITIES FOR APPLIED RESEARCH BY AREA OF IMPACT -- Area 10 Communications, Computers and Control -- 10 Communications, Computers and Control (49) -- 11 Commercial Radio and TV Equipment (5) -- 12 Computers (85) -- 13 Electronic Components (244) -- Properties -- Materials -- Processes -- 14 Equipment for Guidance and Control of Transportation (7) -- 15 Teaching Equipment (25) -- 16 Telephone and Data Network Equipment (55) -- Area 20 Consumer Goods -- 20 Consumer Goods (21).

22 Furniture (11) -- 23 Household Appliances-Electronic (28) -- 24 Household Appliances-Nonelectric (25) -- 26 Packaging and Containers (51) -- Properties -- Materials -- Processes -- 27 Printing and Photography (34) -- Area 30 Defense and Space -- 30 Defense and Space (61) -- 31 Military Aircraft (110) -- 32 Missiles (50) -- 33 Naval Vessels (40) -- 34 Ordnance and Weapons (62) -- 35 Radar and Military Communications (69) -- 36 Spacecraft (57) -- Properties -- Materials -- 37 Undersea Equipment (51) -- Area 40 Energy -- 40 Energy (56) -- 41 Batteries and Fuel Cells (139) -- Properties -- Processes -- 42 Direct Conversion (93) -- 43 Electric Transmission and Distribution (86) -- 44 Fuel Transmission and Distribution (13) -- 45 Nuclear Reactiors (121) -- 46 Thermonuclear Fusion (57) -- 47 Turbines and Generators (89) -- Area 50 Environmental Quality -- 50 Environmental Quality (32) -- 51 Mining and Raw Materials Extraction (55) -- 52 Pollution (90) -- 53 Recycling and Solid Waste Disposal (115) -- Properties -- Processes -- 54 Reliability, Safety, Maintainability (34) -- 55 Substitution Opportunities (22) -- 56 Working Conditions (9) -- Area 60 Health Services -- 60 Health Services (21) -- 61 Artificial Organs (65) -- 62 Medical Electronics (15) -- 63 Medical Equipment (including dental) (15) -- 64 Prosthetic Devices (102) -- Properties -- Materials -- Processes -- Area 70 Housing and Other Construction -- 70 Housing and Other Construction (24) -- 72 Highways, Bridges, Airports, etc, (22) -- 73 Individual and Multiple Unit Dwellings (59) -- Properties -- Materials -- Processes -- 74 Industrial and Commercial Structures (8) -- 75 Mobile Homes (21) -- 76 Plumbing, Heating, Electrical, Etc. (26) -- Area 80 Production Equipment -- 80 Production Equipment (10) -- 81 Farm and Construction Machinery (14) -- 82 Industrial Drives, Motors, Controls (14).

83 Industrial Instrumentation (7) -- 84 Machine Tools (22) -- 85 Process Equipment (97) -- Properties -- Materials -- Processes -- Area 90 Transportation Equipment -- 90 Transportation Equipment (45) -- 91 Aircraft (54) -- 92 Automotive (59) -- Properties -- Materials -- Processes -- 93 Guided Ground Transportation (37) -- 94 Water (6) -- APPENDIX 5A -- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THE QUESTIONNAIRE ON PRIORITIES IN THE FIELD OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND EN... -- GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS -- SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS -- QUESTIONNAIRE ON PRIORITIES IN THE FIELD OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- I. THE OVERALL IMPORTANCE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TO EACH AREA OF IMPACT -- II. STATEMENTS OF MATERIALS PROBLEMS IN SELECTED SUB-AREAS OF IMPACT -- IV. PERSONAL INFORMATION -- CHAPTER 6 OPPORTUNITIES IN MATERIALS RESEARCH -- INTRODUCTION -- CLASSES OF MATERIALS -- Ceramics -- Glass -- Metals -- Superalloys -- Radiation Resistant Reactor Materials -- Superconductors -- Contact Materials -- Plastics -- Composites and Concrete -- Cements -- Aggregates -- Reinforcement -- Electronic Materials -- Semiconductors -- Magnetic Materials -- Optical Crystals -- Dielectrics -- Photochromic and Electrochromic Materials -- Miscellaneous Materials -- Solid Electrolytes -- Liquid Crystals -- Biomaterials -- MATERIALS PROCESSING -- Processing and Manufacturing Techniques for Metals -- Extractive and Process Metallurgy -- Casting -- Working -- Joining and Finishing -- Metastable Phases -- Computer Techniques in Processing -- Rubber and Plastics -- Electronic Materials -- Instrumentation, Analysis and Testing -- BASIC RELEVANT PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS -- Superconductivity -- Extensions of Laser Action -- Fracture Toughness -- Dynamic Behavior of Defects -- Flammability of Polymers -- Photochemistry -- Corrosion Resistance -- BASIC GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS.

Interatomic Forces, Chemical Bonding, and Lattice Stability.