ARSENIC -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemistry of Arsenic -- ARSENIC TRIOXIDE -- ARSENIC PENTOXIDE -- ARSENOUS AND ARSENIC ACIDS -- ARSENITES AND ARSENATES -- ESTERS OF ARSENOUS AND ARSENIC ACIDS -- ARSENIC SULFIDES -- ORGANIC ARSENIC COMPOUNDS -- METHYLATION OF ARSENIC COMPOUNDS -- METHANEARSONIC ACID -- DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID -- ALKYLARSINES AND DIALKYLARSINES -- ALKYLDIHALOARSINES AND DIALKYLHALOARSINES -- 3 Distribution of Arsenic in the Environment -- NATURAL SOURCES -- Earth's Crust -- Igneous and Sedimentary Rock -- Soil -- Water -- Plants -- Animals and Humans -- Air -- MAN-MADE SOURCES -- Production -- Uses -- Insecticides -- Herbicides -- Desiccants -- Wood Preservatives -- Feed Additives -- Drugs -- War Gases and Riot-Control Agents -- Other Minor Uses -- Residues -- Soils -- Water -- Plants -- Animals -- Foods -- Air -- Disposal -- Waste from Agricultural Uses of Pesticides and Herbicides -- Waste from Use of Arsenical Feed Additives -- Waste from Industrial Uses of Arsenic -- Summary -- THE ARSENIC CYCLE -- 4 Metabolism of Arsenic -- PLANTS -- Absorption of Arsenic Compounds -- Translocation of Arsenic Compounds -- MICROORGANISMS -- Bacteria -- Fungi and Molds -- Algae -- Plankton -- MOLLUSKS AND CRUSTACEANS -- FISH -- BIRDS -- MAMMALS -- Forms of Arsenic in the Diet and Water -- Plants -- Animal Tissues -- Physiologic Aspects of Arsenic Absorption from the Gastrointestinal Tract -- Distribution of Arsenic in the Body -- Dermal Absorption of Cacodylic Acid in Man -- 5 Biologic Effects of Arsenic on Plants and Animals -- MICROORGANISMS -- Toxicity -- Adaptation -- PLANTS -- Biochemical Response to Arsenic Compounds -- Phytotoxicity of Organic Arsenicals -- Interactions between Arsenicals and Nutrients -- Mode of Action -- LABORATORY ANIMALS -- Factors That Can Influence the Toxicity of Arsenic Compounds.

The Problem of Toxic versus "No-Effect" Dosages -- Mechanisms of Toxicity of Arsenic Compounds -- Adaptation to Toxicity of Arsenic Compounds -- Experimental Inhalation Toxicity -- Arsenicals and Resistance to Infection -- Arsenic as Antagonist to Selenium Poisoning -- Nutritional Essentiality of Arsenic -- DOMESTIC ANIMALS -- Inorganic and Aliphatic Organic Arsenicals -- Signs and Lesions of Toxicosis -- Diagnostic Criteria -- Therapeutic Measures -- Phenylarsonic Feed Additives -- Recommended Uses and Factors Affecting Toxicity -- Signs and Lesions of Toxicosis -- Excretion and Recommended Withdrawal Time -- Diagnosis of Toxicosis Produced by the Phenylarsonic Acids -- AQUATIC ORGANISMS -- WILDLIFE -- 6 Biologic Effects of Arsenic on Man -- TOXICITY -- Reactions to Contact with Arsenic -- Acute Arsenic Poisoning -- Subacute Arsenic Poisoning -- Chronic Arsenic Exposure -- Late Effects of Exposure to Arsenic -- Occupational Episodes of Toxicity -- Sheep-Dip Factory Workers -- Smelters -- Vintners -- Miscellaneous Considerations -- Organic Arsenicals -- Arsenic in Hair and Nails -- Arsenic and the Immune Response -- Arsenic as Therapy -- Uniqueness of Human Skin -- Other Dermatologic Conditions -- TERATOGENESIS -- MUTAGENESIS -- CARCINOGENESIS -- Clinical Reports -- Occupational Exposure -- Population Studies -- Experimental Animal Studies -- Evaluation -- Skin Cancer -- Lung Cancer -- Liver Cancer -- Experimentally Induced Cancer -- 7 Summary and Conclusions -- CHEMISTRY -- DISTRIBUTION -- METABOLISM -- EFFECTS ON ANIMALS AND PLANTS -- EFFECTS ON MAN -- MEASUREMENT -- CONCLUSIONS -- 8 Recommendations -- Appendix A: Arsenic Content of Plants and Plant Products -- Appendix B: Arsenic Content of Animals -- Appendix C: Determining Traces of Arsenic in Natural Materials -- COLLECTION, SUBDIVISION, AND STORAGE OF SAMPLES.

PRETREATMENT AND DISSOLUTION OF SAMPLES -- PRECONCENTRATION OF ARSENIC SPECIES -- METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF TOTAL ARSENIC -- Molecular-Absorption Spectrophotometry -- Atomic Absorption -- Atomic-Emission Spectroscopy -- Neutron-Activation Analysis -- Electrochemical Methods -- Gas Chromatography -- Other Methods -- METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC COMPOUNDS -- Glossary -- References -- Index.