Contents -- Preface -- Problems in the Emergence of New Disciplines -- 1 Studies of Scientific Development -- The Origins and Structure of Agricultural Chemistry -- Du Centenaire d'une Discipline Nouvelle: la Thermodynamique -- The Case of Physical Chemistry -- The Emergence of Tropical Medicine: a Study in the Establishment of a Scientific Specialty -- La Biophysique en France: Critique de la Notion de Discipline Scientifique -- The Development of Specialties in Science: the Case of X-ray Protein Crystallography -- Cognitive, Technical and Social Factors in the Growth of Radio Astronomy -- The Development of Science and Scientific Knowledge: the Case of Radar Meteor Research -- 2 Theory and Method in the Study of New Disciplines -- Methodology in the Sociology of Science: Some Reflections on the Study of Radio Astronomy -- Theories and Methods in the Sociology of Science: an Interpretative Approach -- The Identification and Definition of Scientific Collectivities -- Resistance and Receptivity of Science to External Direction: the Emergence of New Disciplines under the Impact of Science Policy -- Index of Persons.