Nutrient Adequacy -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Executive Summary -- MAJOR CONCLUSIONS -- MAJOR RECOMENDATIONS -- 2 Introduction -- 3 Nutrient Requirements as a Basis for Dietary Evaluation -- VARIABILITY OF NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS -- LEVELS OF REQUIREMENT -- FIXED CUTOFF POINTS -- 4 The Use of Short-Term Dietary Intake Data to Estimate Usual Dietary Intake -- RELATIONSHIP OF DAILY DIETARY INTAKE DATA TO USUAL INTAKE -- PROCEDURE FOR ADJUSTING INTAKE DATA -- 5 The Probability Approach -- REQUIREMENT INFORMATION NEEDED FOR THE PROBABILITY APPROACH -- EFFECT OF REQUIREMENT DISTRIBUTION ON ESTIMATES OF THE PREVALENCE OF INTAKE ADEQUACY -- Influence of Mean and Standard Deviation of Requirement -- Influence of the Shape of Requirement Distribution -- Impact of the Mode in Which Requirements Are Expressed -- Impact of Criteria for Requirement Estimate -- Comparison with Fixed Cutoff Approach -- SUMMARY -- 6 Assessing Excessive Intake and Nutrient Energy Ratios -- FAT INTAKE -- NONNUTRIENTS -- Assessment of the Prevalence of Excessive Intake -- ENERGY FROM PROTEIN, FAT, AND CARBOHYDRATE -- USE OF THE PROBABILITY APPROACH TO ASSESS ENERGY INTAKE -- 7 Errors in Nutrient Intake Measurement -- SAMPLING VARIATION -- Random Error -- Systematic Bias -- ERRORS IN ESTIMATING USUAL NUTRIENT INTAKE -- Errors in Reporting Usual Food Intake -- Day-to-Day Variation in Intake -- Variability in Reporting and Recording Food Intake -- Variability Due to Coding and Analysis of the Nutrient Content of Foods -- Sources of Technical Errors in Food Composition -- Nutrient Data with Probable Bias -- Vitamin A -- Carotenoids -- Vitamin B12 -- Vitamin C -- Folacin -- IMPACT OF SYSTEMATIC BIAS -- 8 Modeling of Sources of Variability and Biases -- VARIABILITY DUE TO SAMPLING OF RESPONDENTS -- RANDOM VARIABILITY IN FOODS CONSUMED -- VARIABILITY IN FOOD COMPOSITION DATA.

EFFECT OF RANDOM STATISTICAL ERROR ON ESTIMATION OF PREVALENCE -- IMPACT OF RANDOM UNDER-AND OVERREPORTING -- 9 Conclusions and Recommendations -- ANALYSIS OF DIETARY ADEQUACY -- STUDY DESIGN -- SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS -- IMPROVEMENT OF THE FOOD COMPOSITION DATA BASE -- PREREQUISITES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE PROPOSED APPROACH -- Acceptable Precision of the Estimates -- Estimation of Usual Food Intake -- Computation of Nutrient Intake -- Definition of Nutrient Requirements -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Statement Concerning Application of the Recommended Method -- NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT INFORMATION -- ESTIMATES OF NUTRIENT INTAKE -- CONCLUSION -- Appendix A Adjustment of Intake Distributions Used in This Report -- REFERENCES -- Appendix B Derivation of Criteria for Interpreting Iron Intake in Women -- REFERENCES -- Appendix C Method of Estimating Confidence Intervals -- DESCRIPTION OF METHOD -- ESTIMATING THE DISTRIBUTION OF ACTUAL INTAKES F(X) -- The Parametric Method -- The Nonparametric Approach -- Assumptions of the 95% Confidence Interval -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D Algorithm for Computing the Probability of Intake Inadequacy -- REFERENCE -- Appendix E Analysis of Error in the Estimation of Nutrient Intake Using Three Sample Data Sets -- VARIABILITY OF FOOD COMPOSITION -- Effect of Increasing the Number of Foods in the Diet -- RANDOM ERROR IN THE MEASUREMENT OF FOOD INTAKE -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES.